δεῖ + ὕπνος

Validation

Yes

Word-form

δεῖπνον

Transliteration (Word)

deipnon

English translation (word)

meal

Transliteration (Etymon)

hupnos

English translation (etymon)

sleep

Author

Eustathius of Thessalonica

Century

12 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Commentarii ad Homeri Odysseam 1, 79

Ed.

G. Stallbaum, Eustathii archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis commentarii ad Homeri Odysseam, 2 vols. in 1, Leipzig: Weigel, 1:1825; 2:1826

Quotation

Ἰστέον δ’ ὅτι τρισὶ τροφαῖς ἐχρῶντο οἱ παλαιοί. ὧν τὸ πρῶτον, ἐκαλεῖτο ἄριστον, γινόμενον πάνυ πρωῒ ἅμ’ ἠοῖ φαινομένῃφι, ἄρεος ἱσταμένου. ὡς καὶ ἡ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐτυμολογία δηλοῖ. εἶτα, τὸ δεῖπνον μεθ’ ὃ ἔδει πονεῖν, ὃ καὶ ἄριστον φασί τινες. τρίτον δὲ, δόρπος. ἐναντίον ἀρίστῳ. ἡνίκα δόρυ παύεται. ὅπερ ἡμεῖς παρὰ τὸ δεῖν τότε ὕπνου, δεῖπνον καλοῦμεν

Translation (En)

One must know that the Ancients had three meals. The first one was called ariston, it was taken early “as dawn appeared”, when fighting (Ares, god of war) was beginning, as the etymology of the noun makes it clear. Then, the deipnon, after which one has to work, which some call ariston. And the third one, the dorpos "dinner", which is the opposite of the ariston, when the spear comes to rest. This one is called by us deipnon, from deîn "it is necessary" then to go to sleep (hupnou)

Comment

Eustathius adapts there the received etymology for δεῖπνον, δεῖ + πόνος "one has to work", which is valid for the meaning "first meal of the day". Since for him δεῖπνον means "dinner" and refers to the last meal of the day, the etymology has to be adapted, which he does by changing the second element of the compound and relating it to ὕπνος "sleep". Plutarch had already tried a similar adaptation in order to account for the semantic difference between "first meal of the day" and "last meal of the day" (see δεῖπνον / διαναπαύω + πόνον). Here Eustathius gives explicitly both etymologies for δεῖπνον, one according to each meaning. It is not presented as a complementary etymology but it may have been in Eustathius' source (lost). Notice that he also gives here an etymology ex antonymo for ἄριστον "breakfast" (ἄρεος ἱσταμένου "when fighting begins"), which is designed for the military context of the Iliad and intended in opposition to the older etymology provided for δόρπον (δόρυ παύω "to cease fighting")

Parallels

There are no known parallels

Modern etymology

Unknown

Persistence in Modern Greek

Δείπνο "dinner" still exists in Modern Greek

Entry By

Le Feuvre