διαναπαύω + πόνος

Validation

Yes

Word-form

δεῖπνον

Transliteration (Word)

deipnon

English translation (word)

meal

Transliteration (Etymon)

dianapauō

English translation (etymon)

to cause to rest + labour

Author

Plutarch

Century

1/2 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Quaestiones convivales 726d

Ed.

C. Hubert, Plutarchi moralia, vol. 4, Leipzig: Teubner, 1938 (repr. 1971)

Translation (En)

Deipnon "dinner", on the other hand, is so called because it "brings rest" (dianapauei) from labour; people dine when they have finished working, or in the intervals of work. This, too, can be gathered from a phrase of Homer: "At the time of day when a woodsman prepares his dinner" (Λ 86). Still, it may be that since people took breakfast wherever they were and without trouble or effort, they derived the word ariston "breakfast" from rhaiston "easiest" and deipnon "dinner" from diapeponēmenon "prepared" (Transl. Edwin L. Minar, F. H. Sandbach, W. C. Helmbold, Loeb CL)

Comment

Plutarch takes here as his starting point the usual meaning of δεῖπνον in koine, "dinner", that is, the last meal of the day. From the usual etymology which starts from the older meaning "first meal of the day" (see δεῖπνον / πόνος) he keeps the relation with πόνος "labour", but he reverses the semantics, since dinner comes after a working day, whereas in the usual etymology the meal opens the working day. Since -πνον is here also explained through πόνος, Plutarch has to find an etymon for δεῖ-, an etymon meaning "to cease" or the like: the result is διαναπαύω, where only the preverb δι(α)- can account for the initial δεῖ- of δεῖπνον, the radical παύω "to make sth. stop" being dropped as well as the second preverb ἀνα-: all this suggests that this etymology is no more than an ad hoc play. This functional etymology can also account for the meaning "lunch", since it can refer to either a cessation of labour for good at the end of the day or a temporary break in the middle of the day, the latter being justified by means of a Homeric quotation. This can be understood as a tentative adaptation of the standard etymology to the evolution of language, since the former cannot account for the modern meaning of the word

Parallels

There is no parallel, which could confirm that this is in Plutarch an ad hoc play

Modern etymology

Unknown

Persistence in Modern Greek

Δείπνο "dinner" still exists in Modern Greek

Entry By

Le Feuvre