δεῖ + πόνος
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Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Ed.
Quotation
δορπηστοῦ· τοῦ τῆς ἑσπέρας καιροῦ, παρὰ τὸ δόρυ παύειν. ὃ γὰρ ἡμεῖς ἄριστον καλοῦμεν, οἱ παλαιοὶ δεῖπνον ὀνομάζουσι, μεθ’ ὃ δεῖ πονεῖν
Translation (En)
Dorpēstos: it means supper time, from "to cease (pauein) battle (doru, lit. "spear")". As a matter of fact, what we call ariston "breakfast" the Ancients used to call deipnon, <the meal> after which one has to work (deî poneîn)
Parallels
Herodian, Peri orthographias, Lentz III/2, p. 490 (δεῖπνον: διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου (ἐκ τοῦ δεῖ τὸ πρέπει καὶ πόνος τὸ δείπονός τις ὂν καὶ δεῖπνος, μεθ’ ὃν δεῖ πονεῖν. Ἐπαφρόδιτος δὲ παρὰ τὸ δάπτω δάπτον καὶ δάπνον κατὰ τροπὴν καὶ πλεονασμόν)); D Schol. Il. 2, 381 (Δεῖπνον τὸ πρωϊνὸν, μεθ’ ὃ δεῖ πονεῖν, ὅ ἐστιν, ἐργάζεσθαι. δόρπον δὲ, ἡ ἑσπερινὴ τροφή); D Schol. Il. 24, 124 (ὥσπερ αὖ πάλιν τὸ παρ’ ἡμῖν ἄριστον ὁ ποιητής φησι δεῖπνον, μεθ’ ὃ δεῖ πονεῖν); Orion, Etymologicum, delta, p. 44 (Δεῖπνον. τὸ παρ’ ἡμῖν ἄριστον. δεῖ πονεῖν); Choeroboscus, De orthographia (epitome)(Δεῖπνον: Διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· παρὰ τὸ δεῖ καὶ τὸ πονεῖν· ἔστιν δὲ δεῖπνον, οἱονεὶ, μεθ’ ὃ δεῖ πονεῖν); Etym. Gudianum, delta, p. 340 (idem); Epimerismi Homerici: Pars altera Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν, delta 23 (δεῖπνος: ἐκ τοῦ δεῖ, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ πρέπω, δείπονός τις ὢν καὶ δεῖπνος, μεθ’ ὃν δεῖ πονεῖν); Suda, delta 358 (Δεῖπνον: τὸ πρωϊνὸν ἄριστον. ὅπερ ἀκρατισμὸς λέγεται. εἶτα περὶ ὥραν γʹ ἄριστον, παρὰ τὸ εἰς ἀριστείαν προέρχεσθαι. καὶ δεῖπνος, μεθ’ ὃν δεῖ πονεῖν. εἶτα τὸ ἑσπερινὸν δόρπος, παρὰ τὸ δόρυ παύειν); Etym. Gudianum, delta, p. 340 (attributed to Eulogius: Δεῖπνος· πόθεν; ἐκ τοῦ δεῖ τοῦ σημαίνοντος τὸ πρέπει καὶ τοῦ πόνος, δείπονός τις ὢν καὶ δεῖπνος, μεθ’ ὃν δεῖ πονεῖν); Johannes Rhet., Commentarium in Hermogenis librum Peri ideôn p. 200 (τὸ γὰρ δεῖπνον τοῦτο δηλοῖ, παρὰ τὸ δεῖ πονεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν ἡμέραν); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 3, 158 (οὗπερ ἀνάπαλιν δεῖπνον τὸ ἑωθινόν, ἐπεὶ τότε, ὡς καὶ ἄλλοθι δηλοῦται, δεῖ, ὅ ἐστι χρεία ἐστί, πόνου τοῖς ἐργατικοῖς); ibid. 1, 368 (παρὰ τὸ δεῖν πονεῖν); Idem, Comm. Od. 1, 79 (καὶ ὅτι δεῖπνον μὲν οἱ πλείους, τὸ πρωϊνόν φασιν ἔμβρωμα. μεθ’ ὃ, πόνου δεῖ); ibid. 2, 111 (ἅμα ἠοῖ φαινομένῃ δειπνήσας. ταυτὸν οὖν ἐνταῦθα δεῖπνον καὶ ἄριστον συνωνυμίας λόγῳ, γενόμενα τὸ μὲν παρὰ τὸ δεῖ πονεῖν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 262 (Δεῖπνος: Τὸ παρ’ ἡμῖν ἄριστον λεγόμενον· ὅθεν καὶ δειπνῶ· δόρπος δὲ, ὁ ἑσπερινός. Ἐκ τοῦ δεῖ, τοῦ σημαίνοντος τὸ πρέπει, καὶ πόνος, τὸ δείπονός τις ὢν, καὶ δεῖπνος, μεθ’ ὃν δεῖ πονεῖν); Etym. Symeonis, delta 101 (Δεῖπνος· τὸ παρ’ ἡμῖν ἄριστον μεθ’ ὃ δεῖ πονεῖν δόρπος ὁ ἑσπερινός· ὅθεν καὶ δειπνῶ· παρὰ γὰρ τὸ δεῖ πονεῖν γέγονε δεῖπνον καὶ δειπνῶ); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, delta, p. 475 (μεθ’ ὃ δεῖ πονεῖν); T Schol. Il. 2.381 (τὴν δὲ δευτέραν δεῖπνον, τὸ καθ’ ἡμᾶς ἄριστον· καὶ ἔστι κατὰ τὸ ἔτυμον δεῖπνον, μεθ’ ὃ δεῖ πονεῖν); Geneva Scholia Il. 2.381 ([δεῖπνον] τὸ πρωϊνὸν, μεθ’ ὃ δεῖ πονεῖν, ὅ ἐστιν ἐργάζεσθαι—τοῦ πολέμου καὶ ἡσυχάζειν); Schol. Od. 2.20f Pontani (τὴν δὲ δευτέραν δεῖπνον, τὸ καθ’ ἡμᾶς λεγόμενον ἄριστον, καὶ ἔστι κατὰ τὸ ἔτυμον δείπονον, μεθ’ ὃ δεῖ πονεῖν, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἐνεργεῖν· λαμβάνοντες γὰρ ταύτην τὴν τροφὴν πάλιν περὶ τὰ πολεμικὰ ἔργα ἐπόνουν); Scholia in Oppianium, Hal. 1, 26 (ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ παρὰ τὸ δεῖ πονεῖν)
Comment
The word is parsed as a compound, or rather the univerbation of a syntagm δεῖ πονεῖν. Erotian uses a formulation with the verb πονεῖν "to toil", because it is syntactically required by δεῖ + inf., but the etymon is in fact the noun πόνος "toil", which is explicit in other formulations (see Parallels) giving an invented intermediate step *δειπονος, undergoing syncope. This etymology was intended for the meaning "first meal of the day", which was the older meaning of δεῖπνον, as Erotian says, not for the meaning "dinner" which the word has in Attic and in koine, for which another etymology was designed (see δεῖπνον / διαναπαύω). The first meal marks the beginning of the working day. This etymology relies on a metonymy involving temporal contiguity, but the preposition μετά "after", although semantically fundamental for the etymology, is not included in the etymon. This etymology was widely accepted in Antiquity and is certainly older than Erotian: it is attested in the D Scholia to the Iliad, which go back to classical exegesis of Homer and may be as old as the 4th c. BC