βάσις + στήριγμα

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Mon, 06/21/2021 - 12:14

Word-form

βακτηρία

Transliteration (Word)

baktēria

English translation (word)

stick, staff

Transliteration (Etymon)

basis + stērigma

English translation (etymon)

stepping + support

Author

Etym. Genuinum

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Genuinum, beta 15

Ed.

F. Lasserre and N. Livadaras, Etymologicum magnum genuinum. Symeonis etymologicum una cum magna grammatica. Etymologicum magnum auctum, vol. 2, Athens: Parnassos Literary Society, 1992

Quotation

Βακτηρία· εἴρηται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐρείδειν τὴν βάσιν ἐπ’ αὐτῆς, τουτέστιν στήριγμα εἶναι τοῦ περιπατεῖν καὶ βαδίζειν εὐκόλως

Translation (En)

Baktēria "staff": it gets its name from the fact that the walk (basin) leans on it, that is, it is a support (stērigma) for walking and moving easily

Comment

Compositional etymology identifying the first element as βάσις "walk, stepping" and the second one as στήριγμα "support". The formal etymon is στηρίζω, στήριγμα, which accounts for the sequence -τηρι-. The original formulation probably was ἀπὸ τοῦ τὴν βάσιν στηρίζειν ἐπ᾽αὐτῆς, τούτεστι ἐρείδειν with the real etymon first and the synonym explaining it in second position. But the compiler dropped the etymon and kept only the synonym ἐρείδειν, which is more usual, therefore more useful for the semantic aspect of the etymology, maybe because στήριγμα was repeated afterwards and he thought that was enough. As a result, form (στηρίζω) and meaning ("to lean") are dissociated and the explanation looks incomplete—and it is. The etymology implies a formal manipulation, change of [s] into [k]. From the semantic point of view, it is a functional etymology as the competing one βάσις + τηρέω.

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 185 (Βακτηρία: Ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐρείδειν τὴν βάσιν ἐπ’ αὐτῆς· τουτέστι στήριγμα εἶναι τοῦ περιπατεῖν καὶ βαδίζειν εὐκόλως. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ τὴν βάσιν τηρεῖν); Etym. Symeonis, vol. 1, p. 386 (idem); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, beta, p. 372 (idem)

Modern etymology

Cognate with Lat. baculum "staff", Old Irish bacc "hook" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has βακτηρία "staff" (and βακτήριον "bacteria")

Entry By

Le Feuvre