εὐνή + ἔχω

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Last modification

Mon, 08/03/2026 - 12:40

Word-form

εὐνοῦχος

Transliteration (Word)

eunoukhos

English translation (word)

eunuch

Transliteration (Etymon)

eunē + ekhō

English translation (etymon)

bed + to hold, to have

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, epsilon, p. 58

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Εὐνοῦχος. παρὰ τὸ τὴν εὐνὴν ἔχειν καὶ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι· ἔχειν γὰρ τὸ φυλάττειν. Ὅμηρος· ‘ὥς μοι κῆπον ἔχει πολυδένδρεον’. ὁ δὲ εὐνοῦχος παρὰ τὸ εὖ τοῦ νοῦ ἔχειν, ἐστερημένου τοῦ μίσγεσθαι, ἅπερ ἀρχαῖοι ἀνόητα ἐκάλουν. Ἀριστοφάνης, ὕπνου τ’ ἀπέχεσθαι καὶ ἀνοήτων.

Translation (En)

Eunoukhos "eunuch". From "to hold" (ekhein) the bed (eunēn) and to take care of it, for ekhein means "to guard": Homer, ‘hos moi kēpon ekhei poludendreon’ "who guards for me my orchard with many trees" (Od. 4.737). And "eunuch" comes from "to have" (ekhein) the soundness (eu) of mind (nou), being deprived of sexual intercourse, which the ancients called "madness": Aristophanes, "abstain from sleep and madness"

Comment

Compositional etymology, correct from the linguistic point of view. The word is parsed as an OV compound

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, epsilon, p. 560 (Εὐνοῦχος· παρὰ τὸ εὐνὴν ἔχειν καὶ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι· ἔχ⟦ειν γὰρ τὸ⟧ φυλάττειν, Ὅ⟦μηρος <δ 737> „ὅς μοι κῆπον ἔχει πολυδένδρεον“⟧. ὁ δὲ εὐνοῦχος παρὰ τὸ εὖ τοῦ νοῦ ἔχειν ἐστερημένον τοῦ μίγεσθαι καὶ τῶν ἀφροδισίων, ἅπερ Ἀθην⟦αῖοι ἀνόητα ἐκάλουν⟧· Ἀριστοφάνης <Nub. 417?> „ὕπνου τ’ ἀπέχεσθαι καὶ τῶν ἀνοήτων πάντων“); Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 560 (Εὐνοῦχος· ... παρὰ τὸ εὖ νοῦν ἔχειν. ἢ παρὰ τὸ εὐνὴν καθαρὰν ἔχειν ἢ φυλάττειν· ἔχω γὰρ τὸ φυλάττω. ἢ παρὰ τὸ εἷς ἑνός ἑνοῦχος καὶ εὐνοῦχος, ὁ μόνος ὢν καὶ μὴ μετ’ ἄλλων συνεζευγμένος); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, epsilon, p. 560 (Εὐνοῦχοι· οἱ τὴν εὐνὴν ἔχοντες, ὡς γεοῦχοι. εὐνούχους δὲ Σοφοκλῆς καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τοὺς εὐν⟦ῆ⟧ς καὶ ὕπνου μὴ μετέχοντας, τουτέστι τηροῦντας· <Sophocl. fr. 721 Nauck2> „οὐχ ὅπου λαμπάδες εὐνούχοισιν ὄμμασιν“); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 394 (Εὐνοῦχος: Σπάδων, τομίας· ἀπὸ τοῦ τὴν εὐνὴν ἔχειν καὶ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ φυλάσσειν. Τινὲς δέ φασι παρὰ τὸ εὖ τοῦ νοῦ ἔχειν καὶ ἀπηλλάχθαι τῶν ἀφροδισίων· οἱ γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι τὰ ἀφροδίσια ἀνόητα ἐκάλουν, ὡς παρὰ Ἀριστοφάνῃ, « Ὕπνου τε ἀπέχεσθαι καὶ τῶν ἀνοήτων πάντων’); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 950 (Εὐνοῦχος· ἀπὸ τοῦ τὴν εὐνὴν ἔχειν τουτέστιν φυλάσσειν· ἔχειν γὰρ τὸ φυλάττειν. Τινὲς δέ φασι παρὰ τὸ εὖ τὸν νοῦν ἔχειν καὶ ἀπηλλάχθαι τῶν ἀφροδισίων· οἱ γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι τὰ ἀφροδίσια ἀνόητα ἐκάλουν, οἷον· ὕπνου τε ἀπέχεσθαι καὶ τῶν ἀνοήτων πάντων· ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ εὖνις ὁ ἔρημος, ὁ ἐστερημένος τοῦ ὀχεῖσθαι. Ἀπὸ τοῦ εἵς ἑνός ἕνις καὶ εὖνις); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, epsilon, p. 900 (Εὐνοῦχος. ἀπὸ τοῦ τὴν εὐνὴν ἔχειν ἤγουν φυλάσσειν. ἔχειν γὰρ τὸ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι φασὶ καὶ φυλάσσειν)

Modern etymology

Compound of εὐνή and ἔχω, meaning "he who guards the bed"

Persistence in Modern Greek

Yes, as a learned word

Entry By

Le Feuvre