ἀΐσσω

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Yes

Last modification

Fri, 06/04/2021 - 14:59

Word-form

αἰχμή

Transliteration (Word)

aikhmē

English translation (word)

point (of spear, of arrow)

Transliteration (Etymon)

aïssō

English translation (etymon)

to dart

Author

Philoxenus

Century

1 BC

Reference

fr. 421

Edition

C. Theodoridis, Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Philoxenos [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 2], Berlin: De Gruyter, 1976

Source

Cyrilli Lexicon

Ref.

Cyrilli Lexicon cod. b, s.v. αἰχμή

Ed.

Cramer, AP 4, 179, 11

Quotation

αἰχμή·
 παρὰ τὸ ἀΐσσω. οὕτω Φιλόξενος. 

Translation (En)

"Aikhmē "point of a spear" is from aïssō "to dart". This is what Philoxenus says."

Comment

This etymology is found only in some versions of Cyrillus' Lexicon – the version edited by U. Hagedorn has no mention of Philoxenus. This is a descriptive etymology, which refers to a formal characteristic of the noun: the point of a thrown weapon such as a spear or an arrow makes a quick move. As [ss] is the result of the palatalisation of [kh] (ἐλαχύς / ἐλάσσων, ταραχή / ταράσσω), the alternation between [kh] and [ss] was familiar to Greek scholars, and the velar stop could be deduced from the Homeric future ἀΐξω. Philoxenus often takes as a starting point the future form, especially when he must account for a form with an [s]: here the future provided the initial sequence [aik], which then required only one change in order to account for [aikh].

Parallels

Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos, p. 124 (αἰχμὴ,
 τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἀΐσσω τὸ ὁρμῶ); Epimerismi homerici in Iliadem 1.152,1a (αἰχμητάων· παρὰ τὸ αἰχμή, ἥτις παρὰ τὸ ἀΐσσω, γέγονεν ἀϊχή· 
κατὰ συγκοπὴν καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ μ, αἰχμή); Etym. Gudianum, alpha p. 59 (Αἰχμή· ὅπλον· παρὰ τὸ ἀΐσσω, εὐκίνητος γάρ); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 40 (Αἰχμή· Ἐκ τοῦ ἀΐσσω ἀϊχὴ, καὶ κράσει αἰχή· καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ μ, αἰχμὴ, ὡς δράξω δραχμὴ, τὸ  λεπτὸν νόμισμα. Ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ καὶ παρὰ τὸ  αἷμα χέειν).

Modern etymology

Αἰχμή is from *αικσμᾱ (Mycenaean a3-ka-sa-ma), and cognate with Lith. iẽšmas "spit" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

The noun αιχμή is still used in Modern Greek in the sense of 1. thin/pointy top of an object, 2a. the biggest quantity, 2b. the moment of reaching the peak ("ώρα αιχμής"), 3. an insinuated accusation

Entry By

Le Feuvre