ἀΐσσω
Word
Validation
Yes
Word-form
αἰχμή
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
aikhmē
English translation (word)
point (of spear, of arrow)
Transliteration (Etymon)
aïssō
English translation (etymon)
to dart
Century
1 BC
Reference
fr. 421
Edition
C. Theodoridis, Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Philoxenos [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 2], Berlin: De Gruyter, 1976
Source
Cyrilli Lexicon
Ref.
Cyrilli Lexicon cod. b, s.v. αἰχμή
Ed.
Cramer, AP 4, 179, 11
Quotation
αἰχμή· παρὰ τὸ ἀΐσσω. οὕτω Φιλόξενος.
Translation (En)
"Aikhmē "point of a spear" is from aïssō "to dart". This is what Philoxenus says."
Parallels
Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos, p. 124 (αἰχμὴ, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἀΐσσω τὸ ὁρμῶ); Epimerismi homerici in Iliadem 1.152,1a (αἰχμητάων· παρὰ τὸ αἰχμή, ἥτις παρὰ τὸ ἀΐσσω, γέγονεν ἀϊχή· κατὰ συγκοπὴν καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ μ, αἰχμή); Etym. Gudianum, alpha p. 59 (Αἰχμή· ὅπλον· παρὰ τὸ ἀΐσσω, εὐκίνητος γάρ); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 40 (Αἰχμή· Ἐκ τοῦ ἀΐσσω ἀϊχὴ, καὶ κράσει αἰχή· καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ μ, αἰχμὴ, ὡς δράξω δραχμὴ, τὸ λεπτὸν νόμισμα. Ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ καὶ παρὰ τὸ αἷμα χέειν).
Modern etymology
Αἰχμή is from *αικσμᾱ (Mycenaean a3-ka-sa-ma), and cognate with Lith. iẽšmas "spit" (Beekes, EDG)
Persistence in Modern Greek
The noun αιχμή is still used in Modern Greek in the sense of 1. thin/pointy top of an object, 2a. the biggest quantity, 2b. the moment of reaching the peak ("ώρα αιχμής"), 3. an insinuated accusation
Entry By
Le Feuvre
Comment
This etymology is found only in some versions of Cyrillus' Lexicon – the version edited by U. Hagedorn has no mention of Philoxenus. This is a descriptive etymology, which refers to a formal characteristic of the noun: the point of a thrown weapon such as a spear or an arrow makes a quick move. As [ss] is the result of the palatalisation of [kh] (ἐλαχύς / ἐλάσσων, ταραχή / ταράσσω), the alternation between [kh] and [ss] was familiar to Greek scholars, and the velar stop could be deduced from the Homeric future ἀΐξω. Philoxenus often takes as a starting point the future form, especially when he must account for a form with an [s]: here the future provided the initial sequence [aik], which then required only one change in order to account for [aikh].