ἁλής

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Last modification

Fri, 03/10/2023 - 10:40

Word-form

λαός

Transliteration (Word)

laos

English translation (word)

men, people

Transliteration (Etymon)

halēs

English translation (etymon)

thronged

Author

Epimerismi homerici

Century

9 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, lambda 38

Ed.

A. Dyck, Epimerismi Homerici: Pars altera. Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν. Berlin – New York, 1995

Quotation

λαός […] ἄλλοι δὲ παρὰ τοὺς λάας ὠνομάσθαι, ‘ΛΑΟΙ Δευκαλίωνος ὅσοι γενόμε<σ>θα’ Καλλίμαχος (fr. 496). Ἡσίοδος δὲ (fr. 234 M.—W.) παρὰ τὸ ἁλές, τὸ σημαῖνον τὸ ἀθροῦν, ἀλαός, λαός ἀφαιρέσει τοῦ α, ὡς καὶ παρὰ Ἀριστοφάνει· ‘σφοδελὸν ἐν χύτραισι μεγάλαις ἑψόμενον’ (fr. 693 K.—A.)

Translation (En)

laos "people" […] others say the name comes form laas "stone", ‘all of us who were born the people of Deucalion" (Callimachus, fr. 496). But Hesiod (fr. 234 M.-W.) derives it from hales, which means "gathered, thronged", *alaos, and laos by aphaeresis of the [a], as in Aristophanes' ‘sphodelon en khutraisi m'égalais hepsomenon’ (fr. 693 PCG

Comment

The Pseudo-Hesiodic fragment is: ἤτοι γὰρ Λοκρὸς Λελέγων ἡγήσατο λαῶν,  / τοὺς ῥά ποτε Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄφθιτα μήδεα εἰδὼς  / λεκτοὺς ἐκ γαίης ΛΑΟΥΣ πόρε Δευκαλίωνι· "And Locros was the head of the troops (laôn) of the Lelegi, whom once the son of Cronus, Zeus of the immortal thoughts, gave to Deucalion as stones (laous) taken from the earth." This is taken by most as hinting at the etymology of λαός by λᾶας "stone" (see λαός / λᾶας). However, the source of the Epimerisms here etymologizes it, not from λᾶας, but apparently from λεκτούς "gathered", synonymous with ἁλής "thronged". And this ἁλής is assumed to be the etymon of λαός, at the cost of only one formal manipulation, the loss of the initial [a], for which a parallel is provided with Aristophanes' σφοδελός instead of ἀσφοδελός. Formally, to use the etymon ἁλής whereas the text only has λεκτούς follows the principle of elliptic etymologies (the real lemma is not provided but replaced by a synonym)

Parallels

There is no parallel

Modern etymology

Probably cognate with OIrish láech "warrior", Hitt. lāhh- "campaign", despite Beekes' skepticism. Isolated within Greek

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has λαός as a learned word and λαο- in compounds

Entry By

Le Feuvre