ἐράω

Validation

No

Last modification

Wed, 08/24/2022 - 10:40

Word-form

κέρας

Transliteration (Word)

keras

English translation (word)

horn

Transliteration (Etymon)

eraō

English translation (etymon)

to love

Author

Choeroboscus

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Epimerimi in Psalmos p. 126

Ed.

T. Gaisford, Georgii Choerobosci epimerismi in Psalmos, vol. 3, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1842

Quotation

Κέρας σημαίνει τὴν τρίχα, καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ κείρω τὸ κόπτω· καὶ Ὅμηρος ‘κέρα ἀγλαέ’. καὶ τὴν δόξαν, καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ ἐρῶ τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ἔρας καὶ γέρας· τῆς γὰρ δόξης πάντες ἐπιθυμοῦμεν·

Translation (En)

Keras means "hair", and it comes from keirō "to cut, to shave". And Homer "kera aglae" (Il. 11.385). And <it also means> "glory", and it comes from erô "to desire", *eras and geras, because we all long for glory

Comment

Derivational etymology at first sight mismatched. In fact it is a complementary etymology meant to account for one specific meaning of κέρας, used in the Septuagint as a synonym of "power, glory". This specific contextual meaning had therefore to be provided with an etymology. Grammarians did so after the model of γέρας "honour, prize of honour", which was etymologized as derived from ἐράω (see γέρας / ἐράω). Choeroboscus' formulation mentions the latter (παρὰ τὸ ἐρῶ τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ἔρας καὶ γέρας) without saying explicitly that it is the model after which this κέρας "glory" is explained. Formally, it requires one manipulation, the addition of a consonant, /g/ or /k/, at the beginning of the word.

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, kappa, p.315 (Κέρας, σημαίνει διάφορα· τὴν τρίχα παρὰ τὸ τοῖς κέρασιν ὁμοίως ἐμφύεσθαι, καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ κείρω τὸ κόπτω· σημαίνει δὲ καὶ τὴν δόξαν, καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ ἐρῶ, τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ἔρας καὶ κέρας· τὴν γὰρ δόξαν πάντες ἐπιθυμοῦσιν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 504 (Σημαίνει καὶ τὴν δόξαν, ὡς τὸ, "Καὶ ὑψώσει κέρας χριστῶν αὐτοῦ". Καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ ἐρῶ, τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ἔρας, καὶ κέρας· τὴν γὰρ δόξαν πάντες ἐπιθυμοῦσι)

Modern etymology

Κέρας belongs with κάρα, both are derived from a PIE *kerh2-s- meaning "head" (Beekes)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG has κέρας as a learned word, the usual word is κέρατο

Entry By

Le Feuvre