ἵημι
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
ἰόν: τὸ βέλος· ἐκλήθη δὲ ἰός παρὰ τὸ ⸤β⸥λ⸤απτι⸥κὸς εἶναι· ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ ἰός φθαρτικός ἐστι τοῦ σιδήρου, οὕτως καὶ οὗτος τοῦ σώματος. γέγονε δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἵημι, τὸ σημαῖνον τὸ πέμπω, ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἰόν, τὸ δ⸤ηλοῦν⸥ τὸ φάρμακον τοῦ ὄφεως. καὶ γὰρ ἔχριον αὐτὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ τοῦ ὄφεως, ἵνα τιτρωσκόμενός τις εὐθέως ἀναιρεθῇ
Translation (En)
ion "arrow". It was called from the fact that it is destructive: as rust is destructive for iron, so is the arrow for the body. And it comes from hiēmi, which means "to send", or from ion which refers to the snake's venom: as a matter of fact, they used to anoint the arrow with snake venom, so that the wounded man may quickly die
Parallels
Choeroboscus, De orthographia (epitome), p. 223 (Ἰός: Σημαίνει δὲ τὸ βέλος, διὰ τοῦ ι γράφεται· παρὰ γὰρ τὸν ὄντα ἰὸν τοῦ ὄφεως γέγονεν· καὶ γὰρ ἔχριον τὰ βέλη ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ τοῦ ὄφεως, ἵνα τιτρωσκόμενός τις εὐθέως ἀναιρέθῃ· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἰέναι γέγονεν, καὶ γὰρ λίαν πορεύεται τὸ βέλος· τὸ δὲ ἰέναι διὰ τοῦ ι γράφεται, ἐπειδὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴημι ἐστίν); Etym. Gudianum, iota, p. 280 (Ἰὸς, σημαίνει τὸ βέλος, παρὰ τὸ ἵημι τὸ πέμπω, τὸ πρὸς βλάβην ἐκπεμπόμενον· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἰὸν τοῦ ὄφεως· καὶ γὰρ ἔχριον τὰ βέλη ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ τοῦ ὄφεως, ἵνα τιτρωσκόμενός τις εὐθέως ἀναιρεθῇ. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἰέναι γέγονε, καὶ γὰρ τοὺς τιτρωσκομένους ποιεῖ πορεύεσθαι εἰς τὸν ᾅδην. τὸ δὲ ἰέναι διὰ τοῦτο, ἐπειδὴ παρὰ τὸ ἵημι, καὶ γὰρ λίαν πορεύεται τὸ βέλος, τὸ δὲ ἰέναι παρὰ τὸ ἵημι ἔστιν); ibid., p. 280 (Ἰὸς, τὸ φάρμακον, οἱ γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰοῖς αὐτῶν φάρμακα ἔβαλλον. γίνεται δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἵημι, τὸ πέμπω, ἰὸς, τὸ πεμπόμενον βέλος. | Ἰὸς, παρὰ τὸ βλαπτικὸν εἶναι, ὥσπερ γὰρ ἰὸς τοῦ σιδήρου, οὕτω καὶ οὗτος τοῦ σώματος. γέγονε δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἵημι τὸ πέμπω. ἢ παρὰ τὸν ἰὸν, δηλοῦντα τὸ φάρμακον τοῦ ὄφεως. καὶ γὰρ ἔχριον αὐτὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ τοῦ ὄφεως); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 472 (Σημαίνει τὸ βέλος· διὰ τὸ βλαπτικὸν εἶναι· ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ ἰὸς φάρμακον ἐστὶ τοῦ σιδήρου, οὕτως καὶ οὗτος τοῦ σώματος. Ἢ παρὰ τὸν ἰὸν, τὸ δηλοῦν τὸ φάρμακον τοῦ ὄφεως· καὶ γὰρ ἔχριον τὰ βέλη ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ τοῦ ὄφεως, ἵνα τιτρωσκόμενός τις εὐθέως ἀναιρεθῇ. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἰέναι ποιεῖν τοὺς τιτρωσκομένους εἰς ᾅδου. Ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴημι γίνεται τὸ ἰέναι· καὶ γὰρ λίαν πορεύεται τὸ βέλος· καὶ ὁ ἰὸς πορευτικός ἐστιν); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 3, 755 Van der Valk (Ἰστέον δὲ καὶ ὅτι περιφραστικῶς ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐβλήθη ἐρρέθη τὸ «πολύστονος ἐνέπεσεν ἰός», ὃν καὶ ἐτυμολογῶν ἔφη ἀνωτέρω «μάλα δ’ ὦκα βέλεα ἐφίει», ὃ ταὐτόν ἐστι τῷ ἔπεμπεν, ἐξ οὗ γίνεται ἰός, ψιλούμενος αὐτὸς κανονικῶς διὰ τὸ κεῖσθαι τὸ ι πρὸ φωνήεντος); Scholia in Oppianum, Hal. 2.471 (ἱὸς τὸ βέλος δασύνεται, ἰὸς δὲ τὸ φάρμακον ψιλοῦται, καὶ τὸ μὲν δασυνόμενον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵημι τὸ πέμπω γίνεται, τὸ δὲ ψιλούμενον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴω τὸ πορεύομαι)
Comment
The notice in the Epimerisms is not very clear as it seems to conflate two different explanations into one (repeated in the Etym. Gudianum). The etymology by ἵημι is a derivational etymology defining the word by its motion, rather by the cause of the motion (the arrow is thrown). This led some grammarians to assume that "arrow" must have a rough breathing, ἱός, since ἵημι does (see the scholion to Oppian, Parallels), which is rejected by Eustathius (see Parallels)