καλός
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Γάλα, τὸ καλὸν εἰς ἀνατροφὴν, οἷον κάλα. καὶ μεταθέσει τοῦ κ εἰς γ, γάλα
Translation (En)
Gala "milk": the good thing for feeding, a *kala, as it were, and through change of [k] into [g], gala
Parallels
Orion, Etymologicum (excerpta e cod. Darmstadino 2773), gamma, p. 613 (γάλα· κάλα γὰρ ἦν· κατὰ τροπῆ τοῦ κ εἰς γ· καλὸν γὰρ πρὸς ἀπ’ ἀρχὴν τροφῆς); Meletius, De natura hominis, p. 9 (ἡ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα τροφὴ τοῦ βρέφους πᾶσι δήλη ἐστὶ τὸ καλὸν εἰς ἀνατροφὴν τῶν βρεφῶν γάλα); Etym. Gudianum, gamma,p. 295 (Γάλα· παρὰ τὸ καλὸν εἰς ἀνατροφήν· οἷον κάλα); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, gamma, p. 295 (Γάλα· παρὰ τὸ καλὸν εἰς ἀνατροφήν, οἷον κάλα· ‖ ἢ παρὰ τὴν γῆν (ὅτι τροφὸς πάντων αὕτη) γάλα· εἴρηται τὸ τρέφον πάντα τὰ σώματα); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 1, 392 Van der Valk (γάλα μέντοι παρὰ τὸ καλόν ἢ διὰ τὸ ἐκ γυίων ἅλλεσθαι); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 219 (Γάλα: Παρὰ τὸ καλὸν εἶναι εἰς ἀνατροφὴν, κάλα, καὶ γάλα); Etym. Symeonis, gamma 15 (idem); Ps-Zonaras, Lexicon, p. 421 (idem)
Comment
Etymology starting from an inflected form, the neuter plural, of καλός "beautiful / good", here with the meaning "good". The fact that from a neuter plural is derived a neuter singular, with a different inflection type, was not a problem for Greek lexicographers, for whom as a rule morphological criteria (such as inflection type) are secondary. This derivational etymology implies only one formal manipulation, voicing of the initial velar stop. It etymologizes milk as the best and most appropriate type of food for young animals (anthropocentric point of view valid only for mammals). Notice the relationship is not established between "milk" and "food", but between "milk" and "good (food)": there is a dissociation between the semantic relationship (milk = food) and the formal relationship [gala = kala], the etymology requiring a noun phrase in order to work and not a single word (see a similar pattern, with a verb phrase, in /)