καλός

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Fri, 07/23/2021 - 15:11

Word-form

γάλα

Transliteration (Word)

gala

English translation (word)

milk

Transliteration (Etymon)

kalos

English translation (etymon)

beautiful

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, gamma, p. 39

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Γάλα, τὸ καλὸν εἰς ἀνατροφὴν, οἷον κάλα. καὶ μεταθέσει τοῦ κ εἰς γ, γάλα

Translation (En)

Gala "milk": the good thing for feeding, a *kala, as it were, and through change of [k] into [g], gala

Comment

Etymology starting from an inflected form, the neuter plural, of καλός "beautiful / good", here with the meaning "good". The fact that from a neuter plural is derived a neuter singular, with a different inflection type, was not a problem for Greek lexicographers, for whom as a rule morphological criteria (such as inflection type) are secondary. This derivational etymology implies only one formal manipulation, voicing of the initial velar stop. It etymologizes milk as the best and most appropriate type of food for young animals (anthropocentric point of view valid only for mammals). Notice the relationship is not established between "milk" and "food", but between "milk" and "good (food)": there is a dissociation between the semantic relationship (milk = food) and the formal relationship [gala = kala], the etymology requiring a noun phrase in order to work and not a single word (see a similar pattern, with a verb phrase, in /)

Parallels

Orion, Etymologicum (excerpta e cod. Darmstadino 2773), gamma, p. 613 (γάλα· κάλα γὰρ ἦν· κατὰ τροπῆ τοῦ κ εἰς γ· καλὸν γὰρ πρὸς ἀπ’ ἀρχὴν τροφῆς); Meletius, De natura hominis, p. 9 (ἡ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα τροφὴ τοῦ βρέφους πᾶσι δήλη ἐστὶ τὸ καλὸν εἰς ἀνατροφὴν τῶν βρεφῶν γάλα); Etym. Gudianum, gamma,p. 295 (Γάλα· παρὰ τὸ καλὸν εἰς ἀνατροφήν· οἷον κάλα); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, gamma, p. 295 (Γάλα· παρὰ τὸ καλὸν εἰς ἀνατροφήν, οἷον κάλα· ‖ ἢ παρὰ τὴν γῆν (ὅτι τροφὸς πάντων αὕτη) γάλα· εἴρηται τὸ τρέφον πάντα τὰ σώματα); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 1, 392 Van der Valk (γάλα μέντοι παρὰ τὸ καλόν ἢ διὰ τὸ ἐκ γυίων ἅλλεσθαι); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 219 (Γάλα: Παρὰ τὸ καλὸν εἶναι εἰς ἀνατροφὴν, κάλα, καὶ γάλα); Etym. Symeonis, gamma 15 (idem); Ps-Zonaras, Lexicon, p. 421 (idem)

Modern etymology

PIE *glkt- "milk|, cognate with Lat. lac, lactis. Within Greek, related to γλάγος "milk" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Yes

Entry By

Le Feuvre