ἀνήρ + κέκασμαι

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Sun, 06/27/2021 - 22:50

Word-form

ἀνδρακάς

Transliteration (Word)

andrakas

English translation (word)

man by man

Transliteration (Etymon)

anēr + kekasmai

English translation (etymon)

man + to excel

Author

Epimerismi homerici

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, alpha 344

Ed.

A.R. Dyck, Epimerismi Homerici: Pars altera. Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 5.2], Berlin - New York: De Gruyter, 1995: 59-761.

Quotation

ἀνδρακάς: ἐπίρρημα· κατὰ ἄνδρα. παρὰ τὴν ἀνδρός γενικὴν παράγωγον, ἢ σύνθετον παρὰ τὸ ἄνδρα καὶ τὸ κάς, ὅπερ παρὰ τὸ<ν> κάσω μέλλοντα γίνεται, ἵν’ ᾖ κατ’ ἄνδρα, κοσμίως καὶ τεταγμένως. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄνδρα καὶ ἕκαστος συγκοπῇ ἑκάς καὶ ἀνδροεκάς καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ο εἰς α ἀνδρακάς, ὡς λέων Παντολέων καὶ Πανταλέων

Translation (En)

Andrakas: adverb, "man by man". Derived from the genitive andros, or compound from andra "man" (accusative) and kas, which comes from the future *kasō "I will adorn", so that it is "man by man" in orderly and organized fashion, or from anēr "man" and hekastos "each", by syncope hekas and *androekas and through change of the [o] into [a] andrakas, as leōn "lion", Pantoleōn and Pantaleōn.

Comment

The etymology parses the word as a compound of ἀνήρ and the future form of a verb *κάζω which is a ghost form, which Greek grammarians associated with the perfect stem κέκασμαι "to excel, to surpass" (Homeric present stem καίνυμαι). From κέκασμαι they jumped to κεκοσμημένος "orderly arranged", which as a matter of fact has with κεκασμένος some phonetic proximity (see κόσμος / κέκασμαι), and they understood *κάζω as "ordered, adorned", hence in the Epimerismi the explanation κοσμίως καὶ τεταγμένως. Starting from a future form was customary, in that case it provides the final [s]: the fact that the verb is a medium tantum was never taken into account by Greek scholars.

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 102 (Ἀνδρακάς: Ἐπίρρημα. Σημαίνει δὲ κατὰ ἄνδρα· παρὰ τὴν ἀνδρὸς γενικὴν παράγωγον. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄνδρα καὶ τὸ κάσω συντίθεται, ὁ κατὰ ἄνδρας κοσμίως τεταγμένος· κάσω, κὰς, ὡς δάξω δὰξ, καὶ ὀδάξ· ἄνδρας καὶ ἕκαστος, συγκοπῇ ἑκὰς, καὶ ἀνδροεκὰς, καὶ συγκοπῇ ἀνδροκὰς, καὶ τροπῇ ἀνδρακὰς, ὡς παρὰ τὸ λέων Πανταλέων καὶ Παντολέων· κυνάμυια κυνόμυια); Etym. Genuinum, alpha 821 (Ἀνδρακάς ν 14· ἐπίρρημα· σημαίνει κατὰ ἄνδρα· παρὰ τὴν ἀνδρός γενικὴν παράγωγον, ἢ παρὰ τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὸ κάσω σύνθετον, ὁ κατὰ ἄνδρας κοσμίως τεταγμένος· κάσω κάς, ὡς δάξω δάξ καὶ ὀδάξ); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, alpha, p. 136 (παρὰ τὴν ἀνδρός παράγωγον. ἢ παρὰ τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὸ κάσ[ω] σύνθετον, ὅ<περ παρὰ τὸν κάσω μέλλοντα γίνεται, ἵν’ ᾖ> κατὰ ἄνδρα, κοσμίως, τεταγμένως· κάσω κάς, ὡς δάξω δάξ καὶ ὀδάξ)

Modern etymology

Derived from ἀνήρ with the distributive suffix -κας found in ἕκαστος, ἑκάς, cognate with Ved. -śas (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre