Ἄρης

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Last modification

Fri, 06/04/2021 - 14:23

Word-form

ἀγρός

Transliteration (Word)

agros

English translation (word)

field

Transliteration (Etymon)

Arēs

English translation (etymon)

Ares (god of war)

Author

Choeroboscus

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 148

Ed.

T. Gaisford, Georgii Choerobosci epimerismi in Psalmos, vol. 3, Oxford, 1842

Quotation

Ἀγρός, παρὰ τὸ ἀρῶ τὸ ἀροτριῶ, ἀρὸς καὶ ἀγρὸς, ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄρην, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν σίδηρον, ὁ τῷ σιδήρῳ τεμνόμενος

Translation (En)

Agros "field": from arô "to plough", *aros and agros. Or from Arēs, which means "iron", that which is cut by iron

Comment

As the etymology ἀγρός / ἀρόω, this one implies a formal manipulation, the insertion of a velar stop [g] (but that remains implicit). From the semantic point of view, the etymology is weird: what relates semantically to "field" is τεμνόμενος "cut", not the complement "by iron" which is given as the etymon, yet the etymology unites the lemma with the complement over the verb which is used only to link the two elements. For a similar type, see χείρων / χείρ. This etymology is probably in fact the result of a misunderstanding: the usual etymology derives ἀγρός from ἀρόω (at least since Herodian), and ἀρόω was derived by some from Arès, because to plough is to cut with iron (see ἀρόω / Ἄρης). The latter etymology is found in Orion. So that it is likely that the original formulation was παρὰ τὸ ἀρῶ τὸ ἀροτριῶ, ἀρὸς καὶ ἀγρὸς, παρὰ τὸ ἄρην, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν σίδηρον, ὁ τῷ σιδήρῳ τεμνόμενος: Ares was given as the etymon of ἀρόω, itself the etymon of ἀγρός (embedded etymology) but the compiler understood it as a different etymology for ἀγρός, which it was not, and inserted the ἤ.

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 17 (Ἀγρός· παρὰ τὴν ἄγραν· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἀρῶ, τὸ ἀροτριῶ, ἀ⸥ρός καὶ ἀγρός πλεονασμῷ τοῦ γ· ἢ παρὰ τὸ Ἄρης, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν σίδη⸤ρον, ὁ τῷ σιδήρῳ τεμνόμενος⸥); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 13 (Ἀγρός: Παρὰ τὸν ἄρην, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν σίδηρον· ὁ τῷ σιδήρῳ τεμνόμενος)

Modern etymology

Old name of the field inherited from PIE *h2ég-ro-, cognate with Lat. ager, Ved. ájra-, Got. . It is derived from the root of ἄγω "to lead" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Αγρός is still used in MG designating the land/property and also in plural denoting the specific area. The phrase "αγρόν αγοράζω", meaning 'to be indifferent'. "Αγρο-" is a very frequent first compound in many MG words, such as "αγροτεμάχιο".

Entry By

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