ἀ- + ἔχω
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Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Quotation
Ἀσχάλλων (Eur. Or. 785)· ἀδημονῶν, λυπούμενος, χαλεπαίνων, ἢ ἀγανακτῶν· παρὰ τὸ ἄχω, ἀφ’ οὗ ἄχομαι, οἷον σ 256· ‘νῦν δ’ ἄχομαι· τόσα γάρ μοι ἐπέσευεν κακά <δαίμων>’, γίνεται ἀχάλλω, ὥσπερ ἄγω ἀγάλλω, εἴδω εἰδάλλω καὶ ἰνδάλλω, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ σ ἀσχάλλω· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἀσχάλλω γίνεται περισπώμενον ῥῆμα ἀσχαλῶ, τὸ τρίτον πρόσωπον ἀσχαλᾷ, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ α ἀσχαλάᾳ, ὡς παρ’ Ὁμήρῳ Β 292–293· ‘καὶ γάρ τίς θ’ ἕνα μῆνα μένων ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο | ἀσχαλάᾳ’. ἢ παρὰ τὸ σχῶ σχάλλω καὶ ἀσχάλλω, ὃ ἐπέχειν οὐ δυνάμεθα. οὕτως Χρύσιππος (fr. novum)
Translation (En)
Askhallōn (Eur., Or. 785): to be distressed, grieved, afflicted, or to get angry. From akhō, from which akhomai, as in Od. 18.256 ‘now I am afflicted, so many are the pains which <the god> sent against me’, one derives *akhallō, as from agō agallō, eidō *eidallō and indallō, and through adjunction of the [s], askhallō. And from askhallō comes the contracted verb askhalō, third person askhalāi, as in Homer, Il. 2.292-293 ‘and surely a man staying far from his wife for a month bears it with difficulty’. Or from *skhō, *skhallō and asklhallō ("to be distressed"), that which we cannot hold back (epekhein ou dunametha). This is what Chrysippus says
Parallels
Philoxenus, fr. 52 (ap. Orion, Etymologicum, alpha, p. 21) (παρὰ τὸ σχῶ σχάλλω, καὶ μετὰ τῆς α στερήσεως, ἀσχάλλω); D Schol. Il. 22.412 (Ἀσχαλόωντα. Δυσανασχετοῦντα, λυπούμενον); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 161 (Ἀσχάλλων: Ἀδημονῶν, λυπούμενος, χαλεπαίνων, ἢ ἀγανακτῶν· παρὰ τὸ ἄχω (οἷον, ‘Νῦν δ’ ἄχομαι· τόσα γάρ μοι ἐπέσσευεν κακὰ δαίμων’) γίνεται ἀχάλλω, ὥσπερ ἄγω ἀγάλλω· καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ σ, ἀσχάλλω. Ὁ μέλλων, ἀσχαλῶ· ἐξ αὐτοῦ ῥῆμα περισπώμενον δευτέρας συζυγίας, ἀσχαλῶ· τὸ τρίτον, ἀσχαλάει ἀσχαλᾷ· καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ α ποιητικῶς, ἀσχαλάα, ὡς τὸ βοάα· καὶ ἔστι τὸ μὲν πρὸ τέλους α, βραχύ· τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τέλους, μακρόν. Πᾶσα γὰρ συλλαβὴ πλεονάζουσα βραχυτέρα θέλει εἶναι τῆς ἐν ᾗ πλεονάζει λέξεως); Etym. Symeonis, vol. 1, p. 272 (ἀσχάλλων (Eur. Or. 785)· ἀδημονῶν, λυπούμενος, χαλεπαίνων. παρὰ τὸ ἄχω, ἀφ’ οὗ ἄχομαι, γίνεται ἀχάλλω, ὥσπερ ἄγω ἀγάλλω, εἴδω εἰδάλλω καὶ ἰνδάλλω, καὶ πλεονασμῷ ἀσχαλάᾳ (Β 293). ἢ παρὰ τὸ σχῶ σχάλλω καὶ ἀσχάλλω, ὃ ἐπέχειν οὐ δυνάμεθα); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 327 (Ἀσχάλλων. ἀδημονῶν, λυπούμενος, ὀλιγοψυχῶν, χαλεπαίνων. ὁ δὲ ἤσχαλεν [ὡς παρευδοκιμούμενος. παρὰ τὸ ἄχω, ἀφ’ οὗ ἄχομαι, γίνεται ἀχάλλω, ὥσπερ ἄγω ἀγάλλω, εἴδω εἰδάλλω καὶ ἰνδάλλω. καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ς ἀσχάλλω. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἀσχάλλω γίνεται παράγωγον ῥῆμα ἀσχαλῶ, τὸ τρίτον πρόσωπον ἀσχαλᾷ καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ α ἀσχαλάα. ἢ παρὰ τὸ σχῶ, σχάλλω καὶ ἀσχάλλω, ὃ ἐπέχειν οὐ δυνάμεθα]); Schol. Od. 1.304b Pontani (ἀσχαλόωσι: δυσανασχέτως ἔχουσι, δυσχεραίνουσι)
Comment
This etymology is not reported in the Arnim edition. It parses the verb as a privative compound of ἔχω. The meaning may be either "not to contain oneself" (ἐπἐχειν ἑαυτόν), and in that case it is meant to explain the meaning χαλεπαίνω given at the beginning, or "not to stand", transitive: the latter echoes the D scholion to Il. 22.412 for the Homeric variant ἀσχαλάω, translated as ‘bearing with difficulty’ (δυσανασχετοῦντα)