χέω

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Fri, 05/10/2024 - 12:30

Word-form

χολάδες

Transliteration (Word)

kholas

English translation (word)

entrails

Transliteration (Etymon)

kheō

English translation (etymon)

to pour

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, chi, p. 163

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Χολάδες. ἀπὸ τῆς χύσεως· ἢ διὰ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν δέχεσθαι τὸ χολῶδες ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥπατος. οὕτω Σωρανός

Translation (En)

Kholades "entrails": from the pouring (khuseōs). Or from the fact that they receive by nature the bilious matter from the liver. This is what Soranus says

Comment

This etymology taken from the Homeric scholia is an illustration of the principle that for scholiasts syntagmatic co-occurrence was understood as a hint to an etymological relationship. The etymology was designed for the line χῦντο χαμαὶ χολάδες (Il. 4.526) "the entrails poured onto the ground". The two words only have in common the initial [kh]. This etymology is explicitly rejected in other scholia (see Parallels).

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 813 (Χολάδες: Τὰ ἔντερα· κατὰ μετάθεσιν τοῦ κ εἰς χ· κοιλάδες γάρ εἰσι, παρὰ τὴν κοιλότητα. Ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ κόλος καὶ κοῖλος, ὁ ἔρημος καὶ κενὸς τόπος. Ἢ παρὰ τὴν χύσιν. Ὅμηρος, ‘ἐκ δ’ ἄρα πᾶσαι | χῦντο χαμαὶ χολάδες’· ἢ διὰ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν δέχεσθαι τὸ χολῶδες ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥπατος, ἐπειδὴ εἰς αὐτὰ συρρεῖ ἡ ξανθὴ χολὴ); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, chi, p. 1856 (Χολάδες. τὰ ἔντερα. παρὰ τὴν χύσιν, ἢ διὰ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν δέχεσθαι τὸ χολῶδες ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥπατος, ἐπειδὴ εἰς αὐτὰ συῤῥεῖ ἡ ξανθὴ χολὴ); Geneva Scholion Il. 4.526 (G. II) (οἱ δὲ ἠτυμολόγησαν παρὰ τὸ χεῖσθαι, οὐ καλῶς); A Scholion Il. 4.526 (χολάδες: τὰ ἔντερα—τὸ χεῖσθαι, οὐ καλῶς)

Modern etymology

Isolated within Greek, the word has an almost exact cognate in Slavic želǫdъkъ "stomach", implying *ghe/ol-(o)nd- (Beekes, EDG). However, some still argue for a connection with the group of χόλος, χολή

Persistence in Modern Greek

Χολάς is lost in MG

Entry By

Le Feuvre