ἀλκή

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Last modification

Sun, 08/01/2021 - 10:45

Word-form

ἀλέξω

Transliteration (Word)

alexō

English translation (word)

to ward off

Transliteration (Etymon)

alkē

English translation (etymon)

strength, valiance

Author

Etym. Genuinum

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Genuinum, alpha 418

Ed.

F. Lasserre and N. Livadaras, Etymologicum magnum genuinum. Symeonis etymologicum una cum magna grammatica. Etymologicum magnum auctum, vol. 1, Rome: Ateneo, 1976

Quotation

Ἀλεξῶ· παρὰ τὴν ἄλοχον· κυρίως τὸ γυναικὶ βοηθῆσαι, καταχρηστικῶς δὲ καὶ τὸ ὁπωσδήποτε. ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀλκῶ ἀλξῶ καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ε ἀλεξῶ, ὅπερ εἰς ἐνεστῶτα ἀναχθὲν βαρύνεται ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀττικῶν.

Translation (En)

Alexô "to ward off": from alokhos "wife", it means properly to defend one's wife, and by extension is used more generally. Or it comes from *alkō "to be strong", ‹future› *alxō and through insertion of e, alexō, which transposed into the present tense is paroxytone in Attic.

Comment

The verb *ἄλκω is a ghost form, inferred from the noun ἀλκή "strength". The derivation is the same as in the etymology deriving ἀλέξω from ἀλέγω (see ἀλέξω / ἀλέγω) and involves a switch from a morphological future to a present. In its principle, this etymology is correct from our modern point of view, as ἀλέξω belongs with ἀλκή.

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, alpha, p. 85 (idem); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 59 (idem); Etym. Symeonis, vol. 1, p. 266.

The etymology maybe already found in Orion, if we assume that Ἀλκή, παρὰ τὸ ἄλκω καὶ ἄλξω μέλλων (Etymologicum, alpha, p. 27) hints at it through the mention of the future ἄλξω.

Modern etymology

Ἀλέξω is cognate with ἀλκή, ἀλκί "strength", and is an old derivative of the PIE root *h2elk-, matching Vedic rákṣati "he protects" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

The verb is lost in Modern Greek. However, there are still compounds with αλεξι- such as αλεξικέραυνο, αλεξίσφαιρο, αλεξίπτωτο, most of which are calques.

Entry By

Le Feuvre