μάχη + ἀείρω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

μάχαιρα

Transliteration (Word)

makhaira

English translation (word)

dagger, knife

Transliteration (Etymon)

makhē + aeirō

English translation (etymon)

battle + to lift

Author

Zenodorus

Century

1 BC

Source

Idem

Ref.

Peri sunētheiās p. 255

Ed.

E. Miller, "Opuscules divers", Lexica Graeca Minora, 1965.

Quotation

Μάχαιρα, συνήθως μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ πολεμιστηρίου, παρὰ τὸ εἰς μάχην αἴρεσθαι

Translation (En)

"Dagger" (makhaira), is usual for the warrior, it comes from the fact that it is suspended (airesthai) for fighting (eis makhēn)

Comment

The word is parsed as a compound, according to the general principle of analysis of "long" words. The etymology relies on mere phonetic similarity. From the semantic point of view, it is a descriptive etymology, which relies on a Homeric association (Il. 3,271-272 μάχαιραν, ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν ἀιὲν ἄωρτο "the dagger which was always suspended next to the large scabbard of the sword", where ἄωρτο is the passive perfect of ἀείρω). The technique of justifying an etymology through a Homeric collocation was a usual one for scholiasts.. In that case the Homeric quotation was lost, if ever it was explicit in the original formulation. It implies a compound in which the first element is either a Locative (Choeroboscus, Etym. Magnum, see below, Parallels) or expresses aim (Zenodorus). The elision of the last vowel of the first element of the compound (in their analysis) is regular

Parallels

Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 150 (παρὰ τὸ ἀεὶ μαχαίρειν (μάχῃ χαίρειν), ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ αἴρεσθαι ἢ τὸ κινεῖσθαι); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 574 (Ἐτυμολογεῖται παρὰ τὸ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ αἴρεσθαι .... παρὰ τὸ ἐν αἵματι χαίρειν)

Modern etymology

Unclear

Persistence in Modern Greek

Modern Greek has μαχαίρι "knife" (neuter), from the old diminutive μαχαίριον

Entry By

Le Feuvre