μάχη + ἀείρω
Word
Validation
Yes
Word-form
μάχαιρα
Word-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
makhaira
English translation (word)
dagger, knife
Transliteration (Etymon)
makhē + aeirō
English translation (etymon)
battle + to lift
Century
1 BC
Source
Idem
Ref.
Peri sunētheiās p. 255
Ed.
E. Miller, "Opuscules divers", Lexica Graeca Minora, 1965.
Quotation
Μάχαιρα, συνήθως μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ πολεμιστηρίου, παρὰ τὸ εἰς μάχην αἴρεσθαι
Translation (En)
"Dagger" (makhaira), is usual for the warrior, it comes from the fact that it is suspended (airesthai) for fighting (eis makhēn)
Parallels
Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 150 (παρὰ τὸ ἀεὶ μαχαίρειν (μάχῃ χαίρειν), ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ αἴρεσθαι ἢ τὸ κινεῖσθαι); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 574 (Ἐτυμολογεῖται παρὰ τὸ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ αἴρεσθαι .... παρὰ τὸ ἐν αἵματι χαίρειν)
Modern etymology
Unclear
Persistence in Modern Greek
Modern Greek has μαχαίρι "knife" (neuter), from the old diminutive μαχαίριον
Entry By
Le Feuvre
Comment
The word is parsed as a compound, according to the general principle of analysis of "long" words. The etymology relies on mere phonetic similarity. From the semantic point of view, it is a descriptive etymology, which relies on a Homeric association (Il. 3,271-272 μάχαιραν, ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν ἀιὲν ἄωρτο "the dagger which was always suspended next to the large scabbard of the sword", where ἄωρτο is the passive perfect of ἀείρω). The technique of justifying an etymology through a Homeric collocation was a usual one for scholiasts.. In that case the Homeric quotation was lost, if ever it was explicit in the original formulation. It implies a compound in which the first element is either a Locative (Choeroboscus, Etym. Magnum, see below, Parallels) or expresses aim (Zenodorus). The elision of the last vowel of the first element of the compound (in their analysis) is regular