ζόφος + ῥέω
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English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Quotation
Οἱ Στωικοὶ πᾶν πνεῦμα ἀέρος εἶναι ῥύσιν, ταῖς τῶν τόπων δὲ παραλλαγαῖς τὰς ἐπωνυμίας παραλλάττουσαν· οἷον <τὸν> ἀπὸ τοῦ ζόφου καὶ τῆς δύσεως ζέφυρον,
Translation (En)
The stoics say that every breath is a flow (rhusin) of air, changing name with the change of place: for instance, the one coming from the west (duseōs) and from darkness (zophou) is called zephuros
Parallels
Ps.-Galenus, De historia philosophica 79 (Οἱ Στωικοὶ πνεῦμα ἀέρος εἶναι λέγουσιν, ἡγοῦνταί τε τὸν τόπον παραλλαγαῖς τὰς ἐπωνυμίας παραλλάττειν, οἷον τὸν ἀπὸ ζόφου καὶ τῆς δύσεως ζέφυρον ὠνόμαζον); Achilles Tatius, Isagoga excerpta (ὁ δὲ ἀπὸ δύσεως ζέφυρος· ζόφος γὰρ ἡ δύσις κατὰ τοὺς ποιητάς); D Schol. Il. 2.147 (Ζέφυρος. Ὁ ἀπὸ δυσμῶν πνέων. ζόφος γὰρ καλεῖται ἡ δύσις); D Schol. Il. 4.276 (Εἴρηται δὲ ζέφυρος, ὅτι ἀπὸ ζόφου πνεῖ. ζόφον δὲ τὴν δύσιν ἔλεγον οἱ ἀρχαῖοι); Geneva Schol. Il. 4.276 (Ζέφυρος εἴρηται διὰ τὸ ἀπὸ <τοῦ> ζόφου πνεῖν, ζόφον δὲ τὴν δύσιν οἱ παλαιοὶ ἐκάλουν) T Schol. Il. 21.334a (Ζεφύροιο: Ζέφυρος παρὰ τὸν ζόφον, ἐπεὶ ἀπὸ δύσεως, ἣν ζόφον καλεῖ); b Schol. Il. 21.334b (Ζέφυρος παρὰ τὸν ζόφον. καὶ ἡ ἀπὸ δύσεως πνοὴ ζοφόπνοια καλεῖται); Etym. Gudianum, zeta, p. 230 (Ζέφυρος, ὅτι ἐκ τῶν ζοφωτάτων τῆς δύσεος πνεῖ); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 1, p. 296 (Καίτοι τινὲς ἑσπέριον, ὅ ἐστιν ἀπὸ δύσεως, ἄνεμον εἶναι τὸν Ζέφυρον λέγοντες ζόφουρόν τινα ἐτυμολογοῦσιν αὐτὸν ἤτοι οὖρον ἀπὸ ζόφου ἀντὶ τοῦ ἄνεμον δυτικόν); ibid., vol. 2, p. 644 (Καρποφορεῖν γὰρ ποιεῖ καὶ αὐτὸς τὰς ἀρούρας ἔαρος πνέων καὶ οὕτω φέρει τὸ ζῆν, ποιῶν τὴν γῆν φυσίζοον καὶ ζείδωρον ἀληθῶς, ἢ ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ζόφου οὖρος, ἤτοι ἐκ τῶν πρὸς δύσιν ἄνεμος); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 291 (Δυσαής: Ὁ ἄνεμος. ‘Ἀνέμοιο δυσαέος ὀρνυμένοιο’. Παρὰ τὸ ἄω, τὸ πνέω, καὶ ΔΥΣ, ὁ κακῶς πνέων. Τὸ γὰρ δυσαήων ἔκτασιν ἔχει τοῦ ε εἰς τὸ η. Τινὲς δὲ τοῦ ζεφύρου ἐπίθετον φασὶ τοῦ ἀπὸ δύσεως ἄοντος, ὅτι δυτικὸς ἐκ ζόφου ῥέει); ibid., p. 396. (s.v. εὖρος) (Ἢ ὁ ἀπὸ τῆς ἕω ῥέων, ἀνατολικός· ὁ γὰρ ἐναντίος αὐτῷ δυτικός· ζέφυρος δὲ, ὁ ἐκ τοῦ ζόφου ῥέων); ibid., p. 408 (Ζέφυρος: Ὁ ἀπὸ δυσμῶν πνέων ἄνεμος, ὁ καὶ λὶψ καλούμενος. Παρὰ τὸ ζωὴ καὶ τὸ φέρω, ὁ τὸ ζῆν πᾶσι φέρων καὶ παρέχων, ζήφυρος, ζέφυρος· (καὶ τί μετέχει τοῦ ζῆν; τῷ γὰρ θέρει πνέοντος αὐτοῦ οἱ καρποὶ αὔξονται·) ζωοφόρος τὶς ὢν, ὁ τὰ πρὸς ζωὴν φέρων· ἐπειδὴ τὰ φυτὰ κυΐσκειν ποιεῖ. Ὅμηρος, ‘αὔρη | ζεφυρίη πνείουσα τὰ μὲν φύει, ἄλλα δὲ πέσσει. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ζόφος, ζόφυρος καὶ ζέφυρος, ὁ ἐκ ζόφου ῥέων); Etym. Symeonis, delta 385 (Δυσαής· ὁ ἄνεμος· παρὰ τὸ ἄω, τὸ πνέω, καὶ τὸ δυς ὁ κακῶς πνέων· τὸ γὰρ δυσαήων ἔκτασιν ἔχει τοῦ ε εἰς η· τινὲς δὲ τοῦ ζεφύρου ἐπίθετον φασί, τοῦ ἀπὸ δύσεως ἄοντος ζέφυρος γὰρ εἴρηται ὁ ἐκ τοῦ ζόφου ῥέων· ἢ οὖρος ὁ ἐκ τῆς δύσεως πνέων); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, zeta, p. 953 (Ζέφυρος. ὁ εὐκραὴς καὶ γαληνὸς ἄνεμος. καὶ οἱονεὶ ζωηφόρος τὶς ὢν ὁ ἀπὸ δυσμῶν πνέων. ὁ τὰ πρὸς ζωὴν φέρων, ἐπειδὴ τὰ φυτὰ κυΐσκειν ποιεῖ.‘αὔρη | ζεφυρίη πνείουσα τὰ μὲν φύει, ἄλλα δὲ πέσσει’. ἢ παρὰ τὸν ζόφον, ζόφυρος καὶ ζέφυρος· ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ ζόφου ῥέει. ζόφος δὲ καλεῖται ἡ δύσις. οὗτος δὲ καὶ λὶψ καλεῖται.])
Comment
Compositional etymology, rooted in the conception that winds are a flow. Accordingly, the west wind flows (rheōn > -ro-) from the west, that is to say, from darkness (zophos > zephu-). The etymology requires several formal changes in the vowels, while the consonantal structure is stable (o > e, o > u). This etymology is symmetrical with that of the East wind, εὖρος "flowing from the east" (see εὖρος2 / ἠώς + ῥέω). The Homeric scholia usually explain that ζέφυρος comes from ζόφος. However, they do not say anything about the second member: The wording ἀπὸ ζόφου πνεῖ is likely to be a reformulation of ἀπὸ ζόφου ῥεῖ, resulting in an elliptic etymology. For this reason, the Homeric scholia are listed here.