καπύω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
καπνός· παρὰ τὸ κάπω, τὸ πνέω, οὗ παράγωγον καπύω καπύσσω. καπνὸς οὖν †ὁ ἀποπνέων τὸ πῦρ†, ὡς ἐρέφω ἐρεμνός, στίλβω στιλπνός· ἔνθεν πολλάκις φησὶ „πυρὸς ἀϋτμὴν“ (π 290) τὸν καπνόν
Translation (En)
Kapnos "smoke", from *kapō "to breathe", the derivative of which is kapuō, kapussō. Kapnos, thus, is <the breath of fire>, as from erephō "to cover" eremnos, from stilbō "to shine" stilpnos; whence Homer often calls the smoke "the exhalation of the fire" (Od. 16.290). [NB: Orion's wording, between cruces, is corrupt; the translation here provided is a correction]
Parallels
Philoxenus, fr. 528* (κραιπνός· ... παρὰ τὸ κάπω, τὸ πνέω, ὅθεν καὶ κάπος, τὸ πνεῦμα, καὶ καπνός, τὸ ἐκ καυθέντων ξύλων ἀναπεμπόμενον πνεῦμα· τοῦτο κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ ρ γίνεται καρπνὸς καὶ ἐν ὑπερθέσει κραπνὸς καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ι κραιπνός. Φιλόξενος. Ὠρίων); Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos, p. 171 (Καπνός, παρὰ τὸ κάπος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ πνεῦμα, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ κάπω, τὸ ἐκπνέω); ibid., p. 127 (καπνός, παρὰ τὸ κάπος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ πνεῦμα, ἐξ αὐτοῦ καπὸς καὶ καπνός· ἢ παρὰ καίω καὶ τὸ πνοή· κυρίως γὰρ καπνὸς λέγεται ἡ ἐκ τῆς καύσεως πνοή· ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ καπνίζω); Etym. Gudianum, kappa, p. 343 (Κραιπνὸς, ὁ ταχὺς, καὶ τὸ συγκριτικὸν κραιπνότερος, παρὰ τὸ κάπω τὸ πνέω, ὅθεν καὶ κάπος τὸ πνεῦμα, καὶ καπνὸς τὸ ἐκ ξύλων καυθέντων ἀναπεμπόμενον πνεῦμα); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 536 (idem); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 2, p. 62 (Ἔστι γὰρ κάπω τὸ πνέω, ἐξ οὗ κάπος τὸ πνεῦμα. ὅθεν καπνός ὁ ὡς εἰπεῖν, φασίν, ἠνεμόεις, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ρ καὶ ι κραιπνός); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 489 (Καπνίζω: Ἐκ τοῦ καπνός· τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ καίω καὶ τὸ πνοή· κυρίως γὰρ καπνὸς λέγεται ἡ ἐκ τῆς καύσεως πνοή· ὅθεν καὶ καπνίζω. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ κάπω, τὸ πνέω, οὗ παράγωγον καπύω καπύσω. Καπνὸς οὖν ὁ ἀποπνέων τὸ πῦρ, ὡς ἐρέφω, ἐρεμνός· στίλβω, στιλπνός. Ἔνθεν πολλάκις φησὶ “πυρὸς ἀϋτμὴν” τὸν καπνόν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ κάπος, τὸ πνεῦμα, καπὸς καὶ καπνός); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, kappa, p. 1248 (Κραιπνός. ὁ ταχύς. ἀπὸ τοῦ κάπω, τὸ πνέω, ὅθεν καὶ κάπος, τὸ πνεῦμα, καὶ καπνὸς, τὸ ἐκ ξύλων καυθέντων ἀναπνεόμενον πνεῦμα)
Comment
Derivational etymology. From the attested verb καπύω, Philoxenus abstracted a prototype *κάπω, which he assumes as the etymon of καπνός. The derivation with the suffix -νο- is backed by two parallels. The etymology relies on a metaphor: when one breathes, steam appears when the weather is cold. Thus, steam is a consequence of breathing, and smoke is the steam produced by the breathing of fire.