θένω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

παρθένος

Transliteration (Word)

parthenos

English translation (word)

maid, virgin

Transliteration (Etymon)

thenō

English translation (etymon)

to hurt, pierce

Author

Etym. Gudianum

Century

11 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Gudianum, p. 454

Ed.

F.W.Sturz, Etymologicum Graecae linguae Gudianum et alia grammaticorum scripta e codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum edita, Leipzig: Weigel, 1818

Quotation

Παρθένος, […] ἢ παρὰ τὸ παρεῖναι αὐτῇ τὸ θένεσθαι καὶ γαμεῖσθαι.

Translation (En)

Parthenos "virgin" […] or from the fact that she is coming to the age when she must be deflowered (lit. "pierced", thenesthai) and get married.

Comment

This etymology is one of two competing ones appealing to the same etymon θείνω, here taken in the passive meaning and with the restricted meaning "to cut, to pierce", not "to kill". The form θένω is a variant of θείνω. Neither combine with παρα- in Greek, but that was not an obstacle for Greek etymologists. In this explanation, the etymologist combines the etymon θείνω with a verb displaying the preverb παρα- (παρεῖναι), so as to provide a source for the first syllable of παρθένος.

Modern etymology

Unknown. The proposed reconstruction *pr-steno- "having protruding breasts" (Beekes, EDG) does not rest on anything serious

Persistence in Modern Greek

Παρθένος survives as 1. virgin, 2. Virgo (astrology/astronomy), 3. Virgin Mary, 4. anything intact, pure, unexplored. There also is παρθένα, designating 'virgin'.

Entry By

Le Feuvre