λύη
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Δυηπαθείας <Agath. Hist. 3, 1>· <ib.> „ἄνευ πόνου καὶ δυηπαθείας“· κακοπαθείας, δυστυχίας· δύη γὰρ ἡ κακοπάθεια, λύη τις οὖσα, ἡ λύουσα τὰ μέλη. ὅθεν καὶ δοῦλος, ὁ δυστυχῶς καὶ κακῶς πάσχων, δύηλός τις ὤν.
Translation (En)
Duēpatheias, "without pain and misery (duēpatheias)". Suffering, hardship. For duē "misery" is the suffering, a kind of dissolution (luē), the one that breaks the limbs. From there comes doulos "slave", the one who suffers a painful and bad fate, a *duēlos, as it were
Parallels
Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν, delta 3 (idem); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 290 (Δύη: Ἡ κακοπάθεια· οἷον, ‘[ἦ γάρ με] δύη ἔχει ἤλιθα πολλή’. Ἀπὸ τοῦ δῶ, τὸ δεσμεύω· ὅθεν, ‘Συνδεῖτε ταχέως τουτονὶ τὸν κυνοκλόπον’. Οὗ παράγωγον, δέω· ἀφ’ οὗ, ‘Πῶς ἂν ἐγώ σε δέοιμι;’ Ὀδυσσείας θʹ, ἀντὶ τοῦ δεσμεύοιμι, κρατοῖμι· καὶ δεμὸς καὶ δεσμὸς, ὡς θέω, θεσμός. Ἀπὸ τοῦ δέω οὖν γίνεται δύω, ὡς ῥέω ῥύω ῥύσις, καὶ χέω χύω χύσις. Δύω οὖν δύη, ἡ συνδεδεμένη τῷ πάσχοντι· ἢ ᾗτινι συνδέδεταί τις δυστυχίᾳ κακοπαθῶν. Ἢ λύη τις οὖσα, ἡ λύουσα τὰ μέλη· ὅθεν καὶ δοῦλος ὁ δυστυχὴς καὶ κακῶς πάσχων, δύηλός τις ὤν)
Comment
Derivational etymology requiring only one change of the initial consonant. Misery is that which breaks the body apart. The etymology builds on the common metaphor in Homer λύειν γούνατα "to break the limbs" of the opponent.