ἐκθέω

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Sun, 11/26/2023 - 21:45

Word-form

ἐχθές

Transliteration (Word)

khthes

English translation (word)

yesterday

Transliteration (Etymon)

ektheō

English translation (etymon)

to run out

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, epsilon, p. 64

Ed.

F.W. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, 1820

Quotation

χθὲς παρὰ τὸ ἐχθεῖν, ὅ ἐστι παρελθεῖν· 
καὶ ἀναλογώτερον τὸ ἐχθὲς τοῦ χθές

Translation (En)

Khthes "yesterday" comes from ekhtheîn "to run out", that is, to pass away; and the form ekhthes is more regular than khthes

Comment

This explanation relies on the notion "tempus fugit", and starts from a motion verb. It is implicitly assumed that an assimilation took place and that the [k] of the preverb ἐκ- became an aspirate [kh] before the aspirate [th] of the verb. Greek scholars were used to this type of assimilation of the final consonant of the preverb, although there is no instance for stops in standard orthography (but there are many instances from epigraphy). As the competing etymology explaining the word from ἐκτός (see χθές / ἐκτός), this one assumes that ἐχθές is older than χθές, and etymology is adduced as a justification

Parallels

Orion, Etymologicum, chi, p. 162 (Χθές. ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ε. ἡ γὰρ ἐχθέσασα ἡμέρα καὶ ἐκτὸς γενομένη οὕτως εἴρηται, χθές); Timaeus Soph., Lexicon platonicum, khi p. 1007b (τὸ δ’
ἐχθὲς παρὰ τὸ ἐκθεῖν, ὅ ἐστι παρελθεῖν); Suda, chi 323 (idem); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, chi 15 (γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ
 ἐκθέω ἐκθεύσω ἐχθές, ⸤ἡ ἐ⸥κ⸤θεύσ⸥ασα ἡμέρα. ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἐκτὸς ⸤ἡμῶν γενέσθαι ταύτης⸥ τῆς ἡμέρας); Scholia in Aristophanem, Comm. in Plutum rec. 2, Schol. plut. l. 880 (τὸ δὲ “ἐχθές” παρὰ τὸ ἐκθεῦσαι καὶ ἐκδραμεῖν τροπῇ τοῦ κ εἰς χ· καὶ ἔστιν ἀναλογώτερον τοῦ   “χθές”· τὸ δὲ “χθές” ἰωνικόν ἐστιν ἀφαιρέσει τῆς ε)

Modern etymology

The older form is χθές, the prothetic ἐ- found in the form of koine Greek is secondary. IE *dhghies-, cognate with Lat. heri "yesterday", Germ. gestern, Engl. yesterday (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Εχθές "yesterday" is still used in Modern Greek, the Attic form χθές is no longer

Entry By

Le Feuvre