*γῶ

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Sun, 10/01/2023 - 10:35

Word-form

γαῖαν

Transliteration (Word)

gaia

English translation (word)

earth

Transliteration (Etymon)

*gô

English translation (etymon)

to give birth

Author

Plato

Century

5-4 BC

Source

idem

Ref.

Cratylus 408b-c

Ed.

J. Burnet, Platonis Opera, Oxford UP, 1903

Comment

Derivational etymology equating the first syllable of γαῖα "earth" with the root in the zero grade found in the perfect γέγαμεν "we were born", γεγάασι. Since the Earth is referred to as a mother, and is the mother of gods in the Hesiodic Theogony, it was natural to seek an etymology by the verb "to give birth", γεννάω, derived from the same root

Parallels

Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 1, p. 289 (Ὡς δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ γῶ τὸ χωρῶ καὶ τίκτω γέα διὰ τοῦ ε ψιλοῦ, ὅθεν κατὰ κρᾶσιν τὸ γῆ, ἔτι δὲ καὶ γαῖα διὰ διφθόγγου, ὡς τὸ μῶ μαῖα, δηλοῦσιν οἱ παλαιοί. […] Τὸ δὲ παρῆχθαι τὴν γαῖαν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, ἵνα ᾖ, ὡς σελήνη σεληναία, οὕτω γῆ γαῖα, οὐκ ἀρέσκει τοῖς παλαιοῖς. καὶ καλῶς ἄρα τοῦτο· ἐχρῆν γὰρ τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ τὴν γαῖαν μὴ προπερισπᾶσθαι ἀλλὰ παροξύνεσθαι)

Modern etymology

Variant of γῆ, unknown etymology (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has γαίαι (plural) as a learned word for "lands", and the singular in the readymade phrase γαίαν έχοι ελαφράν "may the earth be light on him"

Entry By

Le Feuvre