δα- + καίνω
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Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Quotation
Δάκνω· παρὰ τὸ καίνω, ἐν συγκοπῇ κνῶ καὶ ἐν συνθέσει δάκνω· τὸ σφόδρα καίνω. δύναται καὶ παρὰ τὸ κνῶ.
Translation (En)
Daknō "to bite": from kainō "to kill", *knō by syncopation and daknō in composition, "to kill violently" (sphodra kainō). It can also come from knō "to scratch".
Other translation(s)
Daknō "mordre" : de kainō « tuer », *knō par syncope et daknō en composition, « tuer violemment » (sphodra kainō). Cela peut aussi venir de knō « gratter ».
Parallels
Some parallels seem to have mixed the etymology given by Philoxenus with the one given by Heraclides (cf. δάκνω / δήκω).
Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 245 (Δάκνω: Παρὰ τὸ ΔΑ ἐπιτατικὸν μόριον, καὶ τὸ καίνω, τὸ κόπτω, γίνεται δακαίνω· ἐξ οὗ καὶ τὸ δαγκάνω, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ι, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ γ· εἶτα πάλιν ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ι, καὶ συγκοπῇ, δάκνω.); Etym. Symeonis, delta 22 (Δάκνω· παρὰ τὸ δα ἐπιτατικὸν μόριον καὶ τὸ καίνω, τὸ δηλοῦν τὸ κόπτω, γίνεται δακαίνω· καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ δάκνω, ἐξ οὗ τὸ δαγκάνω κατὰ ἀποβολὴν τοῦ ι καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ γ); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, delta, p. 472 (Δάκνω. παρὰ τὸ δα ἐπιτατικὸν καὶ τὸ καίνω γίνεται δακαίνω· ἐξ οὗ τὸ δάκνω κατὰ ἀποβολὴν τοῦ ι, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ γ)
Comment
Compositional etymology: the initial syllable is identified as the intensive prefix δα-, variant of ζα-. The second syllable comes from a monosyllabic verb which itself is obtained through a formal change, a syncope in καίνω "to kill". "To bite" is therefore "to kill": the etymology applies to the action of an animal predator killing his prey by biting