δήκω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
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Source
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Ed.
Quotation
τὸν ὅμοιον δὲ τρόπον γίνεται καὶ ἐκ τοῦ λήθω τὸ λανθάνω καὶ μήθω μανθάνω καὶ λήχω λαγχάνω καὶ δήκω δαγκάνω, ἐξ οὗ Ἡρακλείδης συγκεκόφθαι φησὶ τὸ δάκνω κατά τινας, οἳ ἔθος φασὶν Αἰολικόν. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀττικὸν βαρύτονα ῥήματα συγκόπτειν, οἷον ἀγείρω ἄγρω „ἀγρόμενος πᾶς δῆμος“ (Υ 166), ἐγείρω ἔγρω „ἔγρετο δὲ Ζεύς“ (O 4), ὀφείλω ὄφλω, ἵνα εἴη οὕτω καὶ δαγκάνω δάκνω. αὐτὸς μέντοι ἐκ τοῦ δήκω πεποιῆσθαί φησι τοῦτο δυσὶ διαλέκτοις, Δωρίδι καὶ Ἰάδι. οἵ τε γὰρ Δωριεῖς προστιθέασι, φησί, τὸ ν, οἵ τε Ἴωνες βραχύνουσι τὸ η διὰ τοῦ α, ὡς καὶ ἡ μεσαμβρία δηλοῖ καὶ ἡ πάρη ἤγουν ἡ πήρη καὶ τὸ λελακυῖα καὶ μεμακυῖα.
Translation (En)
It is the same kind of change as in lanthanō "to escape notice" from lēthō, manthanō "to learn" from *mēthō, lankhanō "to obtain by lot" from *lēkhō and dankanō from *dēkō "to bite", from which Heraclides says daknō "to bite" is syncopated according to those who say it is an Aeolian habit. It is also possible that an Attic verb with a recessive accent be syncopated, as in ageirō "to gather" agrō "agromenos pâs dêmos" ["a whole folk that be gathered together"] (Y 166), egeirō "to awaken" egrō "egreto de Zeus" ["and Zeus awoke"] (O 4), opheilō "to owe" ophlō, so that in the same way dankanō yields daknō. Although he says that it is made from *dēkō in two dialects, Doric and Ionic. Dorians indeed add, according to him, the [n], whereas Ionians shorten the [ē] into [a], as can be seen in mesambria "midday", parē "leather pouch", that is to say pērē, lelakuia "having rung" and memakuia "having bleated".
Parallels
Herodian, De prosodia catholica, Gr. Gr. 3.1, p. 451 (σεσημείωται τὸ δάκνω βαρύτονον, ὅπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ δαγκάνω γέγονε κατὰ συγκοπήν.); Herodian, Περὶ παθῶν, Gr. Gr. 3.2 p. 240 (σεσημείωται τὸ δάκνω βαρύτονον, ὅπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ δαγκάνω καὶ κατὰ συγκοπήν); Herodian, Παρεκβολαὶ τοῦ μεγάλου ῥήματος, p. 27 (Πόθεν τὸ δάκνω; παρὰ τὸ δήκω κατὰ Ἴωνας, καὶ συστολῇ τοῦ η εἰς α δάκω, ὡς μεσημβρία μεσαμβρία, καὶ Πῆρις Πάρις, καὶ κατὰ Δωριεῖς προσθέσει τοῦ ν δάκνω. ἢ παρὰ τὸ δακάνω γέγονε κατὰ συγκοπὴν Αἰολικῶς καὶ Ἀττικῶς δάκνω. ἔθος γὰρ ἔχουσι τὰ βαρύτονα τῶν ῥημάτων συγκόπτειν, ἀντὶ γὰρ τοῦ ἀγείρω ἄγρω λέγουσιν, ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ τὸ παρ’ Ὁμήρῳ (Η 134) „ἀγρόμενοι Πύλιοί τε καὶ Ἀρκάδες ἐγχεσίμωροι.“ καὶ τὸ ἐγείρω, ἔργω, οἷον „ἔργετο δ’ ἐξ ὕπνου“ (Il. 2. 41)), Ps.-Arcadius, Epitome of Herodian's De Prosodia Catholica, p. 184 (σεσημείωται τὸ δάκνω βαρύτονον, ὅπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ δαγκάνω γέγονε κατὰ συγκοπήν)
Some later parallels seem to have been mixed with the etymology given by Philoxenus:
Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 245 (Δάκνω: Παρὰ τὸ ΔΑ ἐπιτατικὸν μόριον, καὶ τὸ καίνω, τὸ κόπτω, γίνεται δακαίνω· ἐξ οὗ καὶ τὸ δαγκάνω, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ι, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ γ· εἶτα πάλιν ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ι, καὶ συγκοπῇ, δάκνω); Etym. Symeonis, delta 22 (Δάκνω· παρὰ τὸ δα ἐπιτατικὸν μόριον καὶ τὸ καίνω, τὸ δηλοῦν τὸ κόπτω, γίνεται δακαίνω· καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ δάκνω, ἐξ οὗ τὸ δαγκάνω κατὰ ἀποβολὴν τοῦ ι καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ γ)
Comment
Derivational etymology trying to conciliate the short ᾰ of δἀκνω with the η of δήξομαι, δῆξις. The same relationship is found in pairs like λανθάνω vs Hom. λήθω "to forget": this leads Heraclides to assume that the regular present stem is δαγκάνω and that δάκνω arose through a series of formal accidents