βαῦνος

Validation

No

Last modification

Wed, 03/15/2023 - 17:46

Word-form

βάναυσος

Transliteration (Word)

banausos

English translation (word)

craftsman

Transliteration (Etymon)

baunos

English translation (etymon)

furnace

Author

Tryphon

Century

1 BC

Reference

Peri skhēmatōn, fr. 5

Edition

A. von Velsen, Tryphonis grammatici Alexandrini fragmenta, Berlin: Nikolaus, 1853 (repr. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1965)

Source

Etym. Gudianum

Ref.

Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, p. 260

Ed.

E.L. de Stefani, Etymologicum Gudianum, fasc. 1 & 2, Leipzig: Teubner, 1:1909; 2:1920

Quotation

Βάναυσος. Τρύφων ὁ τοῦ Ἄμμωνος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαῦνος βάναυσος λέγει κατὰ πάθος, ὤφειλε γὰρ ὡς παρὰ τὸ ἵππος Ἵππασος, κριός Κρίασος, οὕτω βαῦνος βαύνασος. γέγονε δὲ ἐν ὑπερθέσει

Translation (En)

Banausos "craftsman": Tryphon son of Ammon says that from baunos "furnace" comes banausos with a pathos. Because it ought to be, as from hippos Hippasos, krios Kriasos, baunos *baunasos. But it arose through metathesis

Comment

Derivational etymology. The etymon of βάναυσος is βαῦνος "furnace": this is formally obtained via a derivation in -ασος, relying on several parallels, and then on a formal change (metathesis). The craftsman is first of all the smith or the potter, who produce their artefacts using fire. This is explicit in later sources (see Parallels). NB: there was another etymology for βάναυσος, parsing the word as a compound βαῦνος + αὕω, and it is not always clear in the Byzantine sources if they refer to the derivational etymology or to the compositional one.

Parallels

Philoxenus, fr. 60 (καὶ ὡς παρὰ τὸ ἵππος Ἵππασος καὶ παρὰ τὸ χόρτος χόρτασος, οὕτως καὶ παρὰ τὸ βαυνὸς βαύνασος καὶ καθ’ ὑπερβιβασμὸν βάναυσος) ; Aspasius, In Ethica Nicomachea commentaria, p. 104 Heylbut (βαύνους γὰρ ἐκάλουν τὰς καμίνους, ἐντεῦθεν δὲ καὶ πάντας τοὺς χειροτέχνας βαναύσους ὠνόμασαν); Aelius Dionysius, Ἀττικὰ ὀνόματα, beta 11 (βαῦνος· ἡ κάμινος, ἐξ οὗ καὶ βάναυσοι); Συναγωγὴ λέξεων χρησίμων, beta 19 (βάναυσος· πᾶς τεχνίτης διὰ πυρὸς ἐργαζόμενος. βαῦνος γὰρ ἡ κάμινος); Photius, Lexicon, beta 56 (idem); Etym. Genuinum, beta 33 (idem); Lexica segueriana, Collectio verborum utilium, beta, p. 178 (idem); Suda, beta 92 (idem); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 187 (idem); Etym. Symeonis, vol. 1, p. 396 (idem); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, beta, p. 369 (καὶ βαῦνος λέγεται εἰσέτι καὶ νῦν, ἀφ’ ἧς ὁ βάναυσος.) Suda, beta 194 (Βαῦνος: κάμινος. ἐξ οὗ καὶ βάναυσοι. οἱ διὰ πυρὸς ἐργαζόμενοι, οἱ τεχνῖται); Etym. Gudianum, beta, p. 260 (Βάναυσος· παρὰ τὸ τὰς βαύνους, ὅ ἐστι τὰς καμίνους, μετέρχεσθαι); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 1, 184 Van der Valk (ὡς δὲ βαῦνος καὶ ἡ ἑστία λέγεται ὅ ἐστι κάμινος ἀφ’ ἧς ὡς ἀλλαχοῦ ἐφάνη, καὶ ὁ βάναυσος); Eustathius, Comm. Od., vol. 1, 257 Stallbaum (καὶ βαῦνος λέγεται εἰσέτι καὶ νῦν, ἀφ’ ἧς ὁ βάναυσος); Scholia in Platonem (vetera), Theaet. 176d, schol. 141 Cufalo (βάναυσοι οἱ ἑδραῖοι τεχνῖται καὶ παρὰ βαύνῳ, ὃ σημαίνει καμίνῳ, τὶ ἔργον διατιθέμενοι); ibid., Symp. 203a, schol. 55 Cufalo (idem)

Modern etymology

Unknown (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

In MG, βάναυσος keeps the derogatory meaning "rough, vulgar".

Entry By

Le Feuvre