ἀσφαλής + ὄχημα
Word
Validation
Yes
Word-form
ψυχήν
Word-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
psukhē
English translation (word)
soul
Transliteration (Etymon)
asphalēs + okhēma
English translation (etymon)
steadfast + vehicle
Century
11 AD
Source
Idem
Ref.
Etymologica nominum 141
Ed.
R. Reitzenstein, M. Terentius Varro und Johannes Mauropus von Euchaita: eine Studie zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft, Leipzig: Teubner, 1901
Quotation
(ψυχήν) ὄχημά τ’ αὐτὴν ἀσφαλὲς ποιουμένην
Translation (En)
(the soul) being itself made a steadfast (asphales) vehicle (okhēma)
Parallels
There is no parallel
Modern etymology
Ψυχή is derived from ψύχω, both belonging to a root meaning "to blow". The meaning "cold" of ψυχρός is secondary in Greek (Beekes, EDG)
Persistence in Modern Greek
Ψυχή is still used today with a wide range of meanings: 1. soul, 2. spirit, 3. set of human emotions, 4. courage, 5. the part of human existence that remains immortal etc. (Triandafyllidis, DMG)
Entry By
Le Feuvre
Comment
Compositional etymology where ἀσφαλής provides the ψ, through a metathesis [sph] > [phs] > [ps], and ὄχημα the [khē]. An evolution *σφ-οχή > *ψοχή > ψυχή may be assumed, since the change of [o] to [u] was a familiar device for Greek etymologists, who assumed the change was characteristic of Aeolic. The soul is the vehicle of the mind (ibid., l. 143 Ψυχὴ δὲ πρῶτα νοῦν τε καὶ λόγον φέρει), this is why it is etymologized by ὄχημα