ἀσφαλής + ὄχημα

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Last modification

Mon, 10/31/2022 - 12:52

Word-form

ψυχήν

Transliteration (Word)

psukhē

English translation (word)

soul

Transliteration (Etymon)

asphalēs + okhēma

English translation (etymon)

steadfast + vehicle

Author

Joannes Mauropus

Century

11 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologica nominum 141

Ed.

R. Reitzenstein, M. Terentius Varro und Johannes Mauropus von Euchaita: eine Studie zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft, Leipzig: Teubner, 1901

Quotation

(ψυχήνὄχημά τ’ αὐτὴν ἀσφαλὲς ποιουμένην 

Translation (En)

(the soul) being itself made a steadfast (asphales) vehicle (okhēma)

Comment

Compositional etymology where ἀσφαλής provides the ψ, through a metathesis [sph] > [phs] > [ps], and ὄχημα the [khē]. An evolution *σφ-οχή > *ψοχή > ψυχή may be assumed, since the change of [o] to [u] was a familiar device for Greek etymologists, who assumed the change was characteristic of Aeolic. The soul is the vehicle of the mind (ibid., l. 143 Ψυχὴ δὲ πρῶτα νοῦν τε καὶ λόγον φέρει), this is why it is etymologized by ὄχημα

Parallels

There is no parallel

Modern etymology

Ψυχή is derived from ψύχω, both belonging to a root meaning "to blow". The meaning "cold" of ψυχρός is secondary in Greek (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Ψυχή is still used today with a wide range of meanings: 1. soul, 2. spirit, 3. set of human emotions, 4. courage, 5. the part of human existence that remains immortal etc. (Triandafyllidis, DMG)

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