Ἄρης + ἄγω
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Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Quotation
Ἀρήγω· τὸ βοηθῶ. εἴρηται παρὰ τὸν ἄρην, τὸν σημαίνοντα τὸν πόλεμον, ἀρήγω, ὥσπερ καὶ βοηθῶ λέγεται τὸ ἐπὶ βοὴν θέειν, βοή γὰρ καὶ ὁ πόλεμος, ἀπὸ τοῦ παρεπομένου· ἀρήγω οὖν ἀρηγός καὶ ἀρωγός, ὥσπερ καὶ ῥηχμός ῥωχμός, ‘ῥωχμὸς ⟦γὰρ⟧ ἔην γαίης’ (Il. 23.420), παρώχηκε παρώχωκε (sic). οὕτως Ἀπολλόδωρος (FGH 244 F 236) καὶ Κρατῖνος καὶ Χρύσιππος Περὶ ἐτυμολογίας
Translation (En)
Arēgō "to aid": to succour, from Ares, which means "war", arēgō, as boētheō "to succour" comes from "to run (theein) to the war (boēn)", because boē is the war, <named> after its consequence. From arēgō, then, *arēgos and arōgos, as *rhēkhmos / rhōkhmos "crevice" (rhōkhmos gar eēn gaiēs "there was a crevice in the ground", Il. 23.420), parōkhēke / parōkhōke. This is what Apollodorus says, and Cratinus, and Chrysippus in his On etymology.
Parallels
Hesychius, Lexicon, alpha 7159 (ἀρῆξαι· βοηθῆσαι ἐν πολέμῳ. ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἄρεος); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 3, 759 Van der Valk (Ἀρήγειν δὲ τὸ εἰς Ἄρην ἄγειν, ὅ ἐστι πορεύεσθαι, καθὰ καὶ βοηθεῖν τὸ εἰς βοήν, ἤγουν εἰς μάχην, θέειν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 141 (Ἀρήγω: Ἀρήξειν, βοηθήσειν· καὶ ἔστι κυρίως τὸ μετὰ εὐχῆς βοηθεῖν· ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρῶ ἀράσω καὶ ἀρήσω, ἀρήγω. Παρὰ τὸν ἄρην, τὸν πόλεμον, ἀρήγω· ὥσπερ καὶ βοηθῶ λέγεται τὸ ἐπὶ βοὴν θέειν. Βοὴ γὰρ ὁ πόλεμος ἀπὸ τοῦ παρεπομένου· ἀρήγω οὖν ἀρηγὸς, καὶ ἀρωγὸς, ὥσπερ καὶ ῥηχμὸς καὶ ῥωχμός); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 307 (Ἀρήγω. βοηθῶ. [παρὰ τὸν ἄρην, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν πόλεμον. ὥσπερ καὶ βοηθεῖν λέγεται τὸ ἐπὶ βοὴν θεῖν. βοὴ γὰρ καὶ ὁ πόλεμος ἀπὸ τοῦ παρεπομένου. ἀρήγω καὶ ἀρωγὸς, ὥσπερ καὶ ῥηγμὸς καὶ ῥαγμός.])
Comment
Paronymic etymology deriving the verb from the theonym. It is a reversible etymology, as Ares' name is etymologized in older sources as deriving from ἀρήγω (Philo Judaeus, Legatio ad Gaium 113: παρὰ γὰρ τὸ ἀρήγειν, ὅπερ βοηθεῖν ἐστι, κατὰ γλῶτταν Ἄρης ὠνομάσθαι μοι δοκεῖ, καθαιρετικὸς πολέμων; Plutarch, fr. 157, l. 75-76 (ap. Eusebius, Praeparatio evangelica 3.1.5): κέκληται Ἄρης μὲν ὡς ‘ἀρήγων’ τοῖς κατὰ βίαν καὶ μάχην συμπτώμασιν). This etymology of Chrysippus' is not in Arnim. Whether Chrysippus understood it as a derivation or as a compound of Ἄρης and ἄγω, as is found in Eustathius, is unclear from the formulation in the Genuinum. However, since this is an etymology e synonym, the structure of the model, βοηθέω, which is a compound, implies that ἀρῆγω is also parsed as a compound.