δάϊς
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
α<ἶ>νος καὶ αἰνός: προπερισπωμένως μὲν ὁ ἔπαινος· καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥήματος ἰαίνω, τὸ διαχέω, οἷον ‘ἰαίνετο δὲ φρένας’ (Ap. Rh. 3, 1019) καὶ «τοῖο δὲ θυμὸς | ἰάνθη’ (Ψ 597-98), ἴαινος, ὁ διαχέων τὴν ψυχήν, ἀφαιρέσει τοῦ ι αἶνος, ὡς ἰήϊος ἤϊος. ὀξυτόνως δὲ ὁ φοβερὸς ἢ πονηρὸς καὶ κακός, ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ τὸ ‘αἰνόθεν αἰνῶς’ (Η 97). γίνεται παρὰ τὸ δεινός ἀποβολῇ τοῦ δ καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς α. †ὁ δὲ Ὦρος λέγει† ὅτι παρὰ τὸ δάϊς, ὃ σημαίνει τὴν μάχην, δαϊνός καὶ ἀφαιρέσει τοῦ δ ἀϊνός καὶ αἰνός.
Translation (En)
Ainos "praise" and ainos "frightening". If with a circumflex on the penultimate syllable, it means "praise", and it comes from the verb iainō "to warm" meaning "to rejoice", as in "his heart was warmed" (Ap. Rh. 3, 1019), and "his heart was warmed" (Il. 23.597–598), *iainos, the one rejoicing the soul, and by dropping of the [I], ainos, as in iēïos / ēïos. But with an acute on the final syllable, it means frightening or bad or wicked, from which comes also ‘ainothen ainōs’ (Il. 7.97). It comes from deinos, by dropping of the [d] and change of the [e] into [a]. †But Oros says† that it comes from daïs, which means "battle", *daïnos, and by dropping of the [d], *aïnos and ainos.
Parallels
Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, alpha, p. 48 (Αἰνός· ὁ φοβερός, ἢ πονηρός, ἢ κακός· ἀφ’ οὗ <τὸ> <Η 97> „αἰνόθεν [καὶ] αἰνῶς“ καὶ <δ 441> „αἰνότατος“. παρὰ τὸ δεινός τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς α καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ δ· ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαΐς, ⟦τὸ σημαῖνον⟧ τὴν μάχην, γέγονε δαϊνός καὶ ἀφαιρέσει τοῦ δ αἰνός, ὁ μάχιμος); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 35-36 ( Αἰνός: Παρὰ τὸ δεινὸς, τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς α, καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ δ, αἰνός. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαῒς, ὅπερ σημαίνει τὴν μάχην, γέγονε δαϊνὸς καὶ δαινός· καὶ ἀφαιρέσει τοῦ δ, αἰνὸς, ὁ μάχιμος)
Comment
Derivational etymology starting from the Homeric and poetic noun δάϊς "battle". A first step is the derivation of a no-adjective, and then the etymology assumes a loss of the initial consonant. This is the same pattern as for the competing and probably older etymology by δεινός (see αἰνός / δεινός), so that the etymology by δάϊς may have been designed as an alternative to the one by δεινός while retaining a characteristic feature of the latter, the assumption of an etymon with initial [d], subsequently lost.