κεῖμαι
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
κότος δὲ ὀργὴ παρατηροῦσα καιρὸν εἰς τιμωρίαν· εἴρηται δὲ […] παρὰ τὸ κεῖσθαι
Translation (En)
Rancour (kotos) is a wrath that awaits the right moment for revenge. It gets its name from the verb “to lie down" (keisthai).
Parallels
J. Damascenus, Expositio fidei 30, 10-11 (idem); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, theta p. 1059 (idem); Apollonius, Lexicon homericum, p. 112 (Αρίσταρχος δὲ κότος πολυχρόνιος, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐγκεῖσθαι); Porphyrius, Quaestionum homericarum liber I, section 81 (ὅτι δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἐγκεῖσθαι κότος εἴρηται, ἐξηγεῖται); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, theta 5 (s.v. θυμός: κότος δὲ ἡ πολυχρόνιος μνησικακία ἀπὸ τοῦ κεῖσθαι); Etym. Parvum, theta 1 (χόλος δὲ οἱονεὶ κίνησις χολῆς, ἀπὸ τοῦ κεῖσθαι. κότος δὲ ἡ πολυχρόνιος μνησικακία) [mistake for κότος δὲ ἡ πολυχρόνιος μνησικακία ἀπὸ τοῦ κεῖσθαι]; Etym. Gudianum, theta, p. 267 (idem, with the same mistake); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, kappa 63 (γίνεται δὲ κότος παρὰ τὸ κῶ, τὸ κοιμῶμαι, κέω κόος καὶ κότος, ἡ κοιμωμένη καὶ ἡσυχάζουσα ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ μῆνις); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 532 (idem); Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 149 (Ἐνεκότουν ἐστὶ κεῖμαι, καὶ σημαίνει τὸ διάκειμαί πως, τὸ τρίτον κεῖται, καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ κότος ἡ ὀργὴ); Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 472 (idem); Etym. Gudianum, kappa, p. 340 (Κότος, ἡ ὀργὴ, παρὰ τὸ κέω κῶ τὸ κεῖμαι, κέημι, ὁ παθητικὸς κέεμαι κεῖμαι, τὸ τρίτον κεῖται, ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα κότος, ἡ ἐναπομένουσα ὀργὴ κότος λέγεται); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 1, 13 Van der Valk (ἐγκαθίσαν δὲ τῇ ψυχῇ ἐπὶ πλέον εἰς κότον ἀποκαθίσταται, ὃς οὕτω λέγεται ἀπὸ τοῦ κεῖται ῥήματος); ibid., 1, 122 (ὁ γὰρ κότος, ὡς προεγράφη, χόλος ἐστὶν ἀποκείμενος); ibid. 3, 618 (εἴη ἂν καὶ ὁ ἐμπεσὼν χόλος κότος ὡς ἐγκείμενος); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, kappa, p. 1234 (Κότος. ὀργὴ ἐπιτηροῦσα καιρὸν εἰς τιμωρίαν, ἢ ἐναπομένουσα ὀργή. παρὰ τὸ κέω, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ κεῖμαι, κέημι, ὁ παθητικὸς κέαμαι, κεῖμαι, τὸ τρίτον κεῖται, ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα κότος. ἢ παρὰ τὸ κέεσθαι, κεῖσθαι, κότος); Nicephorus Gregoras, Explicatio in librum Synesii De insomniis p. 19 (μῆνις δὲ καὶ κότος ἐστὶν ὁ ἐπιμένων καὶ ἐγκείμενος θυμός); Scholia in Batrachomyomachia 102 (κότος, ἀπὸ τοῦ κεῖσθαι εἰς τὸ ἔτι καὶ εἰς τὸ μετὰ ταῦτα); Scholia et glossae in Sophoclis Ajacem (glossae et scholia recentiora) 41a (κότος παρὰ τὸ κεῖσθαι ἐν αὐτῷ).
The etymology is implicit in Eustathius' Oratio 10, 75 (Ποῦ γὰρ μῆνις, ποῦ δὲ κότος, ὃ μήτε παραμένει, μήτε ἔγκειται;)
Comment
Paronymic etymology repeated in the Greek scholarly tradition down to Byzantine times, which authors most of the time justify by means of Homeric references, either Il. 1.82-83 (ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον, ὄφρα τελέσσῃ, || ἐν στήθεσσιν ἑοῖσι "but afterwards he keeps rancour in his heart, until he fulfills it"), or Il. 13.517 (δὴ γάρ οἱ ἔχεν κότον ἐμμενὲς αἰεί "he was keeping against him an everlasting rancour"). A variant takes the word back to a ghost verb *κῶ, κέω meaning κεῖμαι, which would be the basic "root" underlying all those derivatives, in the manner of Philoxenus.