παίζω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
παῖς· ... ἢ παρὰ τὸ παίζω, παίσω, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω παῖς· φίλον γὰρ τοῖς παισὶ τὸ παίζειν
Translation (En)
Pais "child" […] or from paizō "to play", <future> paisō, and through dropping of the [ō], pais; because children like to play
Parallels
Orion, Etymologicum, pi, p. 133 (Παῖς. οἱ μὲν παρὰ τὸ παίω, παίσω, κατ’ ἀποβολὴν τοῦ ω· ἢ παρὰ τὸ παίζω, παίσω, παῖς); Epimerismi homerici Il. 1.20a2 (παῖδα: παρὰ τὸ παίειν, τουτέστι τύπτειν· τοῖς γὰρ παισὶν ἁρμόζει δαρμός. ἢ παρὰ τὸ παίζειν· παρεπόμενον γάρ ἐστι τοῖς παισὶ τὸ παίγνιον); ibid., 20a1 (παῖδα: παῖς παρὰ τὸ παίειν, τουτέστι τύπτειν, ἢ παρὰ τὸ παίζειν· | ἀμφότερα γὰρ παισὶν ἁρμόζει. | ἢ παρὰ τὸ βαιόν, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ μικρόν, βαῖς καὶ παῖς); Etym. Gudianum, pi, p. 447 (Παῖδα, παρὰ τὸ πάϊς παῖς παιδὸς, παιδίζω καὶ παίζω· τὸ παι διφθόγγῳ διάτι; ἐκ τοῦ παίζω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ παιδίον· ἢ παρὰ τὸ παίω τὸ τύπτω· τοῖς γὰρ παισὶν ἁρμόζει δαρμός· ἢ παρὰ τὸ παίζειν, παρεπόμενον γάρ ἐστι τοῖς παισί); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 657 (Παῖς: Παρὰ τὸ παίζω· ὁ μέλλων, παίσω· ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω, παῖς· ἢ παρὰ τὸ πάλλεσθαι· εὐκίνητος γὰρ ἡ ἡλικία. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ βαιὸν γίνεται βάϊς καὶ πάϊς· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ πάϊς γίνεται κατὰ συναίρεσιν παῖς); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, pi, p. 1496 (Παῖς. παρὰ τὸ παίζω, παίσω, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω παῖς. φίλον γὰρ τοῖς παισὶ τὸ παίζειν. ἢ παρὰ τὸ πάλλεσθαι. εὐκίνητος γὰρ ἡ ἡλικία. ὁ δὲ Ἡρωδιανός· παρὰ τὸ βαίειν γίνεται βαῖς καὶ παῖς κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ β εἰς π); ibid., pi, p. 1495 (Παῖς. ἀπὸ ἐτῶν εʹ ἕως ἐτῶν ιδʹ. παρὰ τὸ παίζω)
Comment
Derivational etymology starting from a verb under the future form. The latter, through dropping of the ending, yields the nominative singular of the lemma. This technique was also used to account for other nouns of similar shape. The etymology reverses in fact the derivational link between παῖς and παίζω: the verb is derived from the noun, not the other way round. This is a reversible etymology, as the correct derivation παῖς → παίζω is also found in our sources (Theognostus, Canones sive De orthographia 856: τὸ παίζω σεσημείωται διὰ τῆς αι διφθόγγου· ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ παῖς, παιδίζω, καὶ κατὰ συγκοπὴν παίζω· ὡς καὶ παρὰ τὸ δάνειον, δανειάζω, καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ δανείζω; Etym. Gudianum, pi, p. 447; Eustathius, Comm. Od. 1, 242 Stallbaum). It is attested in Orion, Etymologicum, pi, p. 138 (Παίζω. παρὰ τὴν παιδὶ δοτικὴν παιδίζω, ὡς ποδὶ ποδίζω, ὑπασπίδια προποδίζων. παιδίζω οὖν συγκοπῇ παίζω. οὐδὲν γὰρ εἰς ζω λῆγον φιλεῖ διφθόγγῳ παραλήγεσθαι, ἢ μόνον τὸ δανείζω· καὶ ὡς δώσω δὼς, σάω σῶς, οὕτω παίσω παῖς): the first part, up to παιδίζω οὖν συγκοπῇ παίζω, goes back to Orion; the second part, from οὐδὲν γὰρ εἰς ζω λῆγον is probably a later addition. The result is a circular derivation: from παιδί (dative) one derives *παιδίζω, which becomes παίζω, and from the future παίσω one derives the nominative παῖς.