θεῖος
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
(A Schol. Il. 6.518b1) ἠθεῖε: Ἀρίσταρχος προπερισπᾷ ὡς οἰκεῖε. καὶ ἴσως <παρὰ> τὸ θεῖος, λέγω δὲ τὸ σημαντικὸν τοῦ ἐπαίνου, κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ η ἐγένετο
(A Schol. Il. 6.518a) γέγονε δὲ τὸ ἠθεῖος ἢ παρὰ τὸ θεῖος κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ η ἠθεῖος—πλεονάζει γὰρ τὸ η ἐν πολλαῖς λέξεσι<ν>, ὡς μύει ἠμύει, „τῶ κε τάχ’ ἠμύσειε πόλις“ (Β 373), πεδανός „ἠπεδανός“ (Θ 104. θ 311), εὐγενής εὐηγενής, „τείχει ὕπο Τρώων εὐηγενέων ἀπολέσθαι“ (Ψ 81), βαιός ἠβαιός (cf. Β 380 al.) — ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔθος ἔθειος, ὡς τέλος τέλειος (cf. Α 66, Ω 34), ὄρος ὄρειος, ὄνειδος ὀνείδ<ε>ιος (cf. Α 519 al.), καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς τὸ η καὶ καταβιβασμῷ τοῦ τόνου γίνεται ἠθεῖος. ἀναλογώτερον δέ ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ θεῖος αὐτὸ κανονίζειν ἤπερ ἐκ τοῦ ἔθος· ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ θεῖος καὶ ἡ αὐτὴ τάσις σώζεται καὶ ὀλίγα πάθη δίδονται, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἔθος καὶ ἀλλότριος ὁ τόνος καὶ πολλὰ τὰ πάθη δίδονται.
Translation (En)
(A Schol. Il. 6.518b1) ētheie "honoured": Aristarchus says it is properispomenon, as oikeie "familiar". And it may come from theios "divine", I mean, the meaning is that of a praise, through the addition of the [ē].
(A Schol. Il. 6.518a) ētheios can come from theios "divine" through the addition of the [ē] (the [ē] is added in may words, like muei / ēmuei […], pedanos / ēpedanos […], eugenēs / euēgenēs […], baios / ēbaios) or from ethos "custom", *etheios, as in telos "end" / teleios" final", oros "mountain" / oreios "of the mountain", oneidos "blame" / oneideios "blaming", and through change of [e] into [ē] and move of the accent forward, one obtains ētheios. But it is more regular to derive it from theios "divine" than from ethos "custom": because starting from theios, the same accent is preserved and there are few pathē (changes), whereas from ethos the accent is different and there are many pathē
Parallels
A Schol. Il. 6.518b2 (ἠθεῖε: παρὰ τὸ θεῖος τὸ σημαντικὸν τοῦ θαυμασίου κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ η ἠθεῖε· διὸ καὶ προπερισπαστέον); Herodian, Peri pathôn, Lentz III/2, p. 171 (same text as A Schol. Il. 6.518a); Herodian, Peri orthographias, Lentz III/2, p. 517 (ἠθεῖος: διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου. παρὰ τὸ θεῖος κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ η ἠθεῖος ὡς βαιόν ἠβαιόν); Orion, Etymologicum, eta, p. 58 (Ἠθεῖε. παρὰ τὸ ἔθος ἐθεῖος, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς η, ἠθεῖος· ἢ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ η, θεῖος ἠθεῖος); Hesychius, Lexicon, eta 221 (ἠθεῖε· ὦ θεῖε, ὦ θαυμάσιε); Choeroboscus, De orthographia (epitome), p. 216 (Ἠθεῖος: Διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· παρὰ γὰρ τὸ θεὸς γέγονεν θέϊος, καὶ κατὰ συναίρεσιν τοῦ ε καὶ ι εἰς τὴν ει δίφθογγον θεῖος, καὶ κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ η ἠδεῖος· ὥσπερ βαιὸν, ἠβαιόν· γέγονεν δὲ πάλιν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔθος, ἐθεῖος, καὶ ἠθεῖος· ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἦθος γέγονεν ἠθεῖος· σημαίνει δὲ φιλοφρόνησιν ἀπὸ νεωτέρου εἰς παλαιότερον); Etym. Gudianum, eta, p. 238 (Ἠθεῖος, ἀδελφὸς, διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· παρὰ γὰρ τὸ θεὸς γέγονε θέϊος, καὶ κατὰ συναίρεσιν τοῦ ε καὶ ι εἰς τὴν ει δίφθογγον θεῖος, καὶ κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ η ἠθεῖος. ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἦθος γέγονεν ἠθεῖος); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 2, 379-380 Van der Valk (Ὅτι καὶ ἐνταῦθα, ὡς καὶ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ, τὸ ἠθεῖος, περὶ οὗ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ κεῖται, λέξις ἐστὶ συγγενική, ὡς καὶ τὸ θεῖος. Ἔστι δὲ προσφώνησις νεωτέρου ἀδελφοῦ πρὸς παλαιότερον. Ἐλήφθη δὲ κατὰ παράχρησιν ὕστερον παρά τισι καὶ ἀντὶ τοῦ θεῖος, ὃ δηλοῖ τὸν θαυμαστόν, [πλεονάσαντος τοῦ η, ὡς καὶ ἐν τῷ ἠβαιόν καὶ ἠλύγη καὶ ἠμύω. Ἐν δὲ τοῖς τοῦ γραμματικοῦ Ἀριστοφάνους κεῖται καί, ὅτι ἠθείους τοὺς ὁμοτρόπους φαμὲν τῷ τὰ αὐτὰ ἤθη ἔχειν καὶ ἐν ὁμοίοις ἤθεσι καταγεγονέναι. Παρ’ ἐνίοις γάρ, φησί, τὰ ἔθη ἤθη λέγεται); ibid., 3, 11 (δῆλον δὲ ὡς οἱ μεθ’ Ὅμηρον τὸν ἠθεῖον, ὥσπερ δὴ καὶ τὸν κατὰ συγγένειαν θεῖον, ἐπὶ ἑτέρου σημαινομένου ἔταξαν, τοὺς ἐνθέους οὕτω καλοῦντες); ibid., 4, 692 (Ἠθεῖα δὲ κεφαλή ἐκ τοῦ ἠθεῖος γίνεται, περὶ οὗ πολλαχοῦ δεδήλωται, Χαμαιλέοντος δέ, φασί, τοῦ γραμματικοῦ, γράψαντος «ὦ θείη κεφαλή» μέμφονται οἱ παλαιοί. ἠθεῖον μὲν γὰρ ὀνομάσαι ἀδελφικῶς τὸν προγενέστερον φίλον εἴη ἂν καλόν. τὴν δὲ τοῦ θείου πρόσρησιν, οἷον «θεῖος ὄνειρος» καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα, οὐ τῷ τυχόντι διδόναι χρή, καὶ μάλιστα νεκρῷ ἁπλῶς); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 422 (Ἦθος: Ὁ τρόπος· παρὰ τὸ ἔθος, ἦθος, κατ’ ἔκτασιν τοῦ ε· καὶ τὸ ἠθεῖος τινὲς ἐπὶ τοῦ συνήθους λαμβάνουσιν, ἵν’ ᾖ ἐθεῖος); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, eta, p. 980 (Ἠθεῖε. προφώνημα νέου πρὸς πρεσβύτερον. ἢ ἠθεῖος ὁ πάππος. παρὰ τὸ θεὸς θέϊος, κατὰ συναίρεσιν θεῖος, κατ’ ἐπέκτασιν ἠθεῖος, ὡς βαιὸν ἠβαιὸν, μύει ἠμύει. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔθος ἐθεῖος, καὶ ἠθεῖος κατ’ ἔκτασιν. ἢ ἠθεῖος ὁ ἄγαν θεῖος καὶ θαυμαστός)
Comment
These comments come from Herodian, whose reasoning is explicit in the scholion 518a (found also in Choeroboscus). Herodian gave two different derivational etymologies, one already found in Aristophanes of Byzantium (ἠθεῖος / ἦθος), and the other one starting from θεῖος "divine". The criterion used to decide in favor of the latter is stress: θεῖος and ἠθεῖος are both properispomena, and derivation does not change the accentual pattern, whereas a derivation from ἔθος would imply that a proparoxytone word becomes properispomenon in the derivation. The number of pathē comes as a secondary criterion: only one in the derivation from θεῖος (addition of an [ē] at the beginning of the word, for which parallels are provided), two for the derivation from ἔθος (lengthening of the vowel and accentual change). Curiously, Herodian does not suggest the possibility that the word may come from ἦθος, which would imply one pathos less than deriving it from ἔθος, although he knew the old etymology according to which ἦθος is derived from ἔθος. Notice that some read in Il. 6.518 not ἠθεῖε but ὦ θεῖε (see Hesychius) and similarly in Il. 23.94 (ἠθείη κεφαλη), as reported by Eustathius, Comm. Il. 4, 692 (see Parallels)