τείρω

Validation

No

Last modification

Tue, 06/01/2021 - 15:39

Word-form

τάρβος

Transliteration (Word)

tarbos

English translation (word)

terror

Transliteration (Etymon)

teirō

English translation (etymon)

to oppress

Author

Herodian?

Century

2 AD

Reference

Peri Pathôn, Lentz III/2, p. 241

Edition

A. Lentz, Grammatici graeci III/2, Leipzig 1870

Source

Epimerismi homerici

Ref.

Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, alpha 346

Ed.

A.R. Dyck, Epimerismi Homerici: Pars altera. Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 5.2], Berlin - New York: De Gruyter, 1995: 59-761

Quotation

(Lentz) τάρβος: τρισὶ παραγωγαῖς ὁ Ἡρωδιανὸς τοῦτο ὑπέβαλε· πρῶτον ἐκ τοῦ ταράσσω τάραβος καὶ συγκοπῇ τάρβος παρὰ τὸ ταράσσειν τὴν ψυχήν. δεύτερον ἐκ τοῦ τρέπω ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔτραπον τράπος καὶ τάρβος. οἱ γὰρ εὐλαβούμενοι φεύγουσι. τρίτον ἐκ τοῦ τείρω τὸ καταπονῶ ὁ βʹ ἀόριστος ἔταρον, τάρος καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ β τάρβος καὶ ῥῆμα ταρβῶ «τάρβησάν τε» (Β 268) ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐφοβήθησαν

Translation (En)

Tarbos "terror": Herodian assumed three derivations for this word. Firstly, from tarassō "to trouble" comes *tarabos and through syncope tarbos, from the fact that it troubles the soul. Secondly, from trepō "to turn", second aorist etrapon, *trapos and tarbos, because those who fear flee. Thirdly, from teirō "to oppress", second aorist *etaron, *taros and through adjunction of [b], tarbos, and the verb tarbeō, ‘tarbēsan te’ (Il. 2.268) for "they were frightened"

Comment

Etymology parallel to the etymology by τρέπω, starting from a non attested second aorist ἔταρον. It implies one formal manipulation, insertion of [b]. From the semantic point of view, it is a descriptive etymology: terror oppresses man

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 746 (idem); Scholia in Aeschylum (scholia vetera), Septem 289f (idem), 289g (τάρβος σημαίνει τὸν φόβον· τρισσῶς δὲ λέγει ὁ Ἡρωδιανὸς (2, 241, 5–9) τοῦτο· ἐκ τοῦ τρέπω, ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔτραπον, τράπος καὶ τάρβος· οἱ γὰρ εὐλαβούμενοι φεύγουσι. ἐκ τοῦ τείρω τὸ καταπονῶ, ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔταρον, τάρος καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ β τάρβος, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ταράσσω); bT Schol. Il. 24.152a Erbse (τάρβος ὁ φόβος. ἀπὸ τοῦ τείρω τάρος καὶ πλεονασμῷ τάρβος); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, tau 9a (τάρβος (Β 268): τρισὶ παραγωγαῖς ὁ Ἡρωδιανὸς (2, 241, 4) τοῦτο ὑπέλαβε· πρῶτον ἐκ τοῦ ταράσσω τάραβος καὶ συγκοπῇ τάρβος· δεύτερον ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ τρέπω ὁ ἀόριστος δεύτερος ἔταρπον τάρπος καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ π εἰς β τάρβος· οἱ γὰρ εὐλαβούμενοι φεύγουσι· τρίτον· ἔστι τείρω, τὸ καταπονῶ, ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔταρον, τάρος καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ β τάρβος καὶ ῥῆμα ταρβῶ ταρβήσαντες); Etym. Gudianum, tau, p. 522 (idem); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, tau 9b (τάρβος: ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρ{ρ}άσσω ἄρ{ρ}αβος, οὕτως ταράσσω τάραβος καὶ τάρβος. ἢ παρὰ τὸ τρέπω τάρπος, ἀντιθέσει τοῦ π εἰς β τάρβος. οἱ γὰρ εὐλαβούμενοι καὶ φεύγουσιν. ἢ παρὰ τὸ τείρω, ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔταρον, εἶτα, ὡς ἔμαθον μάθος, οὕτως ἔταρον τάρος καὶ ἐπενθέσει τοῦ β τάρβος)

Modern etymology

Isolated within Greek. Maybe from PIE *tergw- "to scare" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre