διαρθρόω + ὄψ

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Sat, 10/22/2022 - 19:00

Word-form

ἄνθρωπος

Transliteration (Word)

anthrōpos

English translation (word)

man

Transliteration (Etymon)

diarthroō + ops

English translation (etymon)

articulate + voice

Author

Ammonius of Hermeias

Century

5/6 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

On Aristotle’s "On Interpretation" 38.16

Ed.

Comenntaria in Aristotelem Graeca Vol. IV.5, Ammonius, on Aristotle's "On Interpretation", ed. A. Busse, 1897.

Quotation

ἄνθρωπος μὲν κατὰ τὸ διαρθροῦν τὴν ὄπα

Translation (En)

anthrōpos ("man") according to his "having an articulate" (diarthroun) "vocal sound" (ops) (transl. D. Blank)

Other translation(s)

Modern Greek: και ονομάζεται "άνθρωπος" σύμφωνα με το ότι έχει άρθρωση (διαρθροῦν) στη φωνή του (ὄψ)

Comment

Ammonius of Hermeias includes the famous etymology given in the Cratylus (see the respective etymology), but he also gives two etymologies which do not occur in other texts. Obviously all three etymologies give him satisfactory explanations for various aspects of the nature of human beings. The etymologies are descriptive and this one refers to the feature of mankind according to which man can articulate his vocal sounds. It is the second time that Ammonius uses the attribute of articulated vocal sound (ops) to give the etymology of ἄνθρωπος, the human being (see also "μέροψ"). The parallel texts for this etymology replace the compound διαρθροῦν by the word ἔναρθρον. Anyway the preverb does not play a significant role in the etymological link and the core of the interpretation is the "articulation"

Parallels

Orion, Etymologicum, alpha p. 16 Sturz (<Ἄνθρωπος>, κατὰ Πλάτωνα παρὰ τὸ ἀθρεῖν καὶ νοεῖν ἃ δὴ ὄπωπε καὶ εἶδε· […] οἱ δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἔναρθρον ἔχειν ἔπος, τουτέστι φωνήν); Ibid., p. 611 : ἄνθρωπος παρὰ τὸ ἄνω ἀθρεῖν ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔναρθρον (cod. ἔναθρον) ἔχειν τὴν ὄπα· τουτέστι φωνήν); Leo, De natura hominum 1.1-2 πόθεν ἄνθρωπος; παρὰ τὸ ἔναρθρον ἔχειν φωνὴν; Etym. Genuinum, alpha p. 885 (ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἄνω βλέπει. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔναρθρον ἔχειν τὴν ὄπα, τουτέστιν τὴν φωνήν. Ὠρίων); Joannes Mauropus, Etymologica nominum 132 (ἄνθρωπος… ἔναρθρα φωνεῖ); Etym Magnum, Kallierges p. 109 (Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔναρθρον ἔχειν τὴν ὄπα, τουτέστι τὴν φωνήν. Τὰ παρὰ τὸ ὄπα συγκείμενα, ἅπαντα διὰ τοῦ ω μεγάλου γράφονται); Etym. Symeonis 1, 62 (<ἄνθρωπος> […] ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔναρθρον ἔχειν τὴν ὄπα)

Modern etymology

Mycenaean a-to-ro-qo shows that the word has as its second element ops "sight, aspect" and not ops "voice". The identification of the first element of the compound remains debated. Beekes (EDG) thinks it is Pre-Greek.

Persistence in Modern Greek

The word is still used in MG with the meaning ‘man’, primarily denoting the superior rank of mammals, having as attributes the standing position, reason and articulated language, by distinguishing mankind from other animals (Triandafyllidis, Dict. of MG).

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