ἀνήρ + ἕκαστος

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Sun, 06/27/2021 - 22:27

Word-form

ἀνδρακάς

Transliteration (Word)

andrakas

English translation (word)

man by man

Transliteration (Etymon)

anēr + hekastos

English translation (etymon)

man + each

Author

Epimerismi homerici

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, alpha 344

Ed.

A.R. Dyck, Epimerismi Homerici: Pars altera. Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 5.2], Berlin - New York: De Gruyter, 1995: 59-761.

Quotation

ἀνδρακάς: ἐπίρρημα· κατὰ ἄνδρα. παρὰ τὴν ἀνδρός γενικὴν παράγωγον, ἢ σύνθετον παρὰ τὸ ἄνδρα καὶ τὸ κάς, ὅπερ παρὰ τὸ<ν> κάσω μέλλοντα γίνεται, ἵν’ ᾖ κατ’ ἄνδρα, κοσμίως καὶ τεταγμένως. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄνδρα καὶ ἕκαστος συγκοπῇ ἑκάς καὶ ἀνδροεκάς καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ο εἰς α ἀνδρακάς, ὡς λέων Παντολέων καὶ Πανταλέων

Translation (En)

Andrakas: adverb, "man by man". Derived from the genitive andros, or compound from andra "man" (accusative) and kas, which comes from the future *kasō "I will adorn", so that it is "man by man" in orderly and organized fashion, or from anēr "man" and hekastos "each", by syncope hekas and *androekas and through change of the [o] into [a] andrakas, as leōn "lion", Pantoleōn and Pantaleōn.

Comment

This analysis is semantically straightforward and almost correct from the modern point of view, the word is a distributive of ἀνήρ. In modern terms, it is a distributive suffix, in Greek terms, it is a compound of ἀνήρ and ἕκαστος, with several formal manipulations allowing to obtain the required form. Ἕκαστος itself contains the distributive suffix found in ἀνδρακάς.

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 102 (Ἀνδρακάς: Ἐπίρρημα. Σημαίνει δὲ κατὰ ἄνδρα· παρὰ τὴν ἀνδρὸς γενικὴν παράγωγον. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄνδρα καὶ τὸ κάσω συντίθεται, ὁ κατὰ ἄνδρας κοσμίως τεταγμένος· κάσω, κὰς, ὡς δάξω δὰξ, καὶ ὀδάξ· ἄνδρας καὶ ἕκαστος, συγκοπῇ ἑκὰς, καὶ ἀνδροεκὰς, καὶ συγκοπῇ ἀνδροκὰς, καὶ τροπῇ ἀνδρακὰς, ὡς παρὰ τὸ λέων Πανταλέων καὶ Παντολέων· κυνάμυια κυνόμυια); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, alpha, p. 136 (⸤Ὅμηρος. Ἀνδρακά⸥ς <ν 14>· ὡς ἑκάς, ⸤ἐπιρρημα⸥τικῶς· καὶ σημαίνει κατ’ ἄνδρα. ⸤δύναται δὲ⸥ καὶ ἴση μερὶς ⸤κατ’⸥ ἄνδρα εἶναι· κοι⸤ν⸥ωνίαν γὰρ ἔχει τὸ δ πρὸς τὸ κ, ὡς τὸ δαί[ν]ειν καίειν· ἀνδρακάς οὖν οἷον ἀνδραδάς)

Modern etymology

Derived from ἀνήρ with the distributive suffix -κας found in ἕκαστος, ἑκάς, cognate with Ved. -śas (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre