ζάω

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Tue, 11/01/2022 - 01:01

Word-form

ζῶον

Transliteration (Word)

zōion

English translation (word)

animal, living being

Transliteration (Etymon)

zaō

English translation (etymon)

to live

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, zeta, p. 65

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig: Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Ζῶον. ἀπὸ τοῦ ζῆν καὶ τῆς ἐν ἡμῖν ζήσεως τοῦ θερμοῦ

Translation (En)

Zōon "animal". From the fact that it lives (zên) and that heat boils in us

Comment

The etymology relating ζῷον, ζωή and ζῆν is of course much older than Orion, but not explicit before. The interesting point is that, as is the case for ζωή, the semantic justification in fact relates ζῷον not to its direct etymon ζῆν, but to the etymon of the latter, ζέω "to boil", putting forward the notion of heat. See ζωή / ζέω

Parallels

Orion, Etymologicum (excerpta e cod. Darmstadino 2773), zeta, p. 613 (ζῶον, ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν ἡμῖν ζέσεως τοῦ θερμοῦ); Damascius, De principiis 1, 211 (εἰ γὰρ καὶ ὁ κόσμος ἀφ’ ἑνὸς ὠνόμασται χαρακτῆρος, τοῦ κεκοσμημένου, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοίνυν ἀπὸ τοῦ ζεῖν τε καὶ ἀναζεῖν εἰς διάκρισιν, πάντα δὲ ὅμως ἐστίν, ὥστε καὶ τὸ ζῷον ἀπὸ τοῦ μετέχειν ζωῆς τε καὶ ζέσεώς τινος); Etym. Guduanim, zeta, p. 234 (Ζῶον, τὸ γενικὸν ὄνομα, παρὰ τὸ ζῶ, τὸ τοῦ ζῆν δεκτικὸν, τὸ ζῶον ἔχον ἢ ζέσιν ἔχον καὶ θερμότητα, πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν τῶν μὴ ζώων. ὅθεν καὶ ζεστὸν ἄνθρωπον φαμὲν τὸν εὐκίνητον καὶ θερμόν); ibid., zeta, p. 234 (Ζῶον, ἀπὸ τοῦ ζῶ ῥήματος γέγονε ζῶον, διὰ τὸ ἐκ ζωῆς ὄν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 413 (Τὸ γενικὸν ὄνομα, παρὰ τὸ ζῶ, τὸ τοῦ ζῆν δεκτικόν. Ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς ζωῆς, τὸ ζωὴν ἔχον, ἢ ζέσιν ἔχον καὶ θερμότητα, πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν τῶν μὴ ζωῶν· ὅθεν καὶ ζεστὸν ἄνθρωπον φαμὲν, τὸν εὐκίνητον καὶ θερμόν)

Modern etymology

Derivative of ζῆν, related to ἐβίων, βίος, ζωή, ὑγιής, PIE root *gweih3- "to live". Cognate with Lat. vīvus, Ved. jīvá- "alive" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Ζώον is still used in Modern Greek for a man who acts like an animal, i.e., in a deprecating way. Ζώο is used to designate: 1. in biology, 'animals and human beings', 2. 'animals' deprived of reason, as opposed to mankind, 3. a brutal person / barbarian.

Entry By

Le Feuvre