ἀήρ

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Wed, 08/18/2021 - 13:35

Word-form

ἀργός

Transliteration (Word)

argos

English translation (word)

shining, quick

Transliteration (Etymon)

aēr

English translation (etymon)

air

Author

Epimerismi homerici

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Epimerismi Homeric in Iliadem 1, 50d2

Ed.

A. Dyck, Epimerismi homerici, pars prior epimerismos continens qui ad Iliadis librum A pertinent, Berlin 1983

Quotation

ἀργούς: λευκούς. δύο σημαίνει ἀργός, τὸν νωθρὸν καὶ δυσκίνητον, μᾶλλον δὲ <ἀν>ενέργητον παρὰ τὸ ἀ<ε>ργός τις εἶναι ἢ βοηθείας δεόμενος, παρὰ τὸ ἀρήγω, τὸ βοηθῶ· σημαίνει δὲ καὶ καθαρὸν καὶ λευκόν, ὡς ἐνταῦθα. γίνεται παρὰ τὸ ἀήρ ἀέρος ἀργός· διειδὴς γὰρ ὁ ἀὴρ καὶ διαφανὴς καὶ δίοσμος, ἅτε λεπτομερέστερος ὤν

Translation (En)

argous : "white". Argos has two meanings: the slow and hard to move one, or rather the inactive one, from the fact that someone is without work (aergos), or needs help, from arēgō "to aid". It means also "pure and shining", as here, and it comes from aēr, aeros "air", argos. Because air is transparent and limpid and lets smells diffuse, as it is an extremely subtle element

Comment

The etymology of ἀργός "shining" by ἀήρ "air" relies on the idea that air opposes no resistance to light or to movement (in the  other meaning of ἀργός "quick"): as the explanation says, light as well as smells (sounds are not mentioned) go through it (three compounds with δια-). Thus, the quality is etymologized by the medium which makes it perceptible (the element). From the formal point of view, the etymology starts from an inflected form, the genitive ἀέρος, implies a syncope of the e] and the insertion of a consonant, [g]

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 187 (idem); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 136 (Ἀργός: Ὁ νωθρὸς καὶ δυσκίνητος, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀνενέργητος· παρὰ τὸ ἀεργός τις εἶναι· ἢ βοηθείας δεόμενος, παρὰ τὸ ἀρήγω τὸ βοηθῶ. Εἰ δὲ σημαίνει τὸν καθαρὸν καὶ λευκὸν, γίνεται παρὰ τὸ ἀὴρ ἀεργὸς, ὁ ἀργός. Διειδὴς γὰρ ὁ ἀὴρ καὶ διαφανὴς καὶ δίοσμος, ἅτε λεπτομερέστατος ὤν); Lexica synonymica, Differentiae verborum (e cod. Paris. suppl. gr. 1238) (Ἀργὸς ὁ λευκὸς καὶ ὁ ταχὺς καὶ ὁ νωθρὸς καὶ δυσκίνητος. καὶ ὁ μὲν λευκὸς ἐτυμολογεῖται παρὰ τὸ ἀὴρ ἀέρος, ἀρὸς καὶ ἀργός· διειδὴς γὰρ καὶ καθαρὸς ὁ ἀήρ. ὁ δὲ νωθρὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀεργός, ὁ μὴ δυνάμενος ἢ ὁ μὴ προθυ<μού>μενος ἐργάζεσθαι. Ἄργος δὲ ὄνομα πόλεως ἐν Πελοπον<ν>ήσῳ)

Modern etymology

Old adjective from PIE root *h2erg- "to shine", matching Ved. r̥jrá- "quick", Av. ǝrǝzra- "quick", related to ἀργυρός "silver", ἀργής "shining", ἄργιλος "clay", Lat. argentum "silver" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre