θύω2
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
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Ed.
Quotation
θυμός: ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρω πλεονασμῷ τοῦ μ ὁρμή καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄδωδα ὀδή καὶ ὀδμή καὶ ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ γνάθος γναθμός καὶ ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔχω ὀχός καὶ ὀχλός καὶ μοχλός, οὕτως ἀπὸ τοῦ θύω ἐπεισόδῳ τοῦ μ θυμός ὁ ἀεὶ ἐν κινήσει τυγχάνων.
Translation (En)
Thumos "spirit": as from *orō, through adjunction of the [m], hormē "onrush", and from odōda "I smell" *odē and odmē "smell", and as from gnathos "jaw" gnathmos "jaw", and as from ekhō "I hold" okhos "that which holds" and okhlos and mokhlos "bolt", so from thuō "to rage" by insertion of [m] thumbs "spirit", the one always in motion
Parallels
Porphyrius, Quaestionum homericarum liber i, 74 (ταὐτὸν δὲ καὶ ὁ θυμός, ὅταν μὴ τὴν ψυχὴν σημαίνῃ, δηλοῖ τῷ χόλῳ· ἀλλ’ ὁ μὲν θυμὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν, ὁ δὲ χόλος ἀπὸ τοῦ χολᾶν προσηγόρευται); Theognostus, Canones sive De orthographia 560 (ἀπὸ οὖν τοῦ θύω, θυμὸς, διὰ τοῦ υ ψιλοῦ); Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 81 (Θυμός. παρὰ τὸ θύω τὸ ὁρμῶ, ὁ μέλλων θύσω, ὁ παρακείμενος τέθυκα, ὁ παθητικὸς τέθυμαι, καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ θυμός· τὰ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου καὶ τοῦ ὁρμῶ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ θυμὸς καὶ θύρα, δι’ ἧς ὁρμῶμεν); Etym. Parvum, theta 1 (θυμὸς δὲ οἱονεὶ ζέσις χολῆς. ἣ ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν ὅ ἐστι μανικῶς ὁρμᾶν); Epimerismi homerici Il. 1, 24b (θυμός: παρὰ τὸ θύω θυμός· ψυχὴ γὰρ θύει μᾶλλον ἢ τὸ πᾶν †θω); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, alpha 141 (ἀπὸ τοῦ θύω θυμός ἀπόθυμος); ibid., alpha 278 (παρὰ τὸ θύω, ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ θυμός); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 170 (Ἀποθύμια· ἀπὸ τοῦ θύω θυμός, ἀπόθυμος, ἀφ’ οὗ τὸ ἀποθύμια); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, delta, p. 353 (⟦ὡς⟧ παρὰ τὸ ⟦θύ⟧ω θυ⟦μός χύω χυμός⟧ <οὕτως καὶ> δήω δημός); Eustratius, In Aristotelis Ethica Nicomachea i commentaria, p. 33 (ἢ θυμὸν κατ’ ἰδίαν ὀνομάσαντες ἀπὸ τοῦ θύω); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 132 (Ἀποθύμια: Λυπηρὰ, τὰ μὴ καταθύμια. Ἀπὸ τοῦ θύω, θυμός· ἀφ’ οὗ ἀποθύμιος); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 253 (idem); Planudes, Dialogus de grammatica, p. 25 (ἔστι δ’ οὗ αὐτὴν καθ’ αὑτὴν ἐκτείνει τὴν παραλήγουσαν, μακρὰν φύσει ταύτην ποιοῦν, ὡς ἐν τῷ τέθυμαι, θυμός, καὶ λέλυμαι, λυμός, καὶ ἔῤῥυμαι, ῥυμός); Scholia in Hesiodum, Op. 621a (θύουσιν ἀῆται: ὁρμῶσι καὶ ταράσσονται· ὅθεν καὶ θυμός, ἡ κεκινημένη ψυχή); T Schol. Il. 15.500a1 Erbse (θυμὸν δὲ οἱονεὶ τὴν ὁρμήν, παρὰ τὸ θύω τὸ ὁρμῶ); Schol. Od. β 315f Pontani (ὁ μὲν θυμὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν, ὁ δὲ χόλος ἀπὸ τῆς χολῆς καὶ τοῦ χολᾶν προσηγόρευται); Scholia in Sophoclem, Aj. 41a (θυμὸς δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ θύω, τὸ ὁρμῶ); Scholia in Claudium Aelianum, 5.31 (ἀπὸ τῆς χολῆς τὸ χολᾶν καὶ ὁ χόλος ποιητικῶς, ὃ κοινῶς λέγεται θυμὸς καὶ ὀργή· τὸ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν τὸ δίκην μαινομένου ὁρμᾶν, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀρέγεσθαι, ὄρεξις γὰρ ἀντιλυπήσεως ἡ ὀργή)
Comment
Etymology following the derivational principle, the word is supposedly derived from θύω "to rage", "to move quickly". This remained the standard explanation down to Byzantine times.