πῦρ + θείνω

Validation

No

Word-form

παρθένος

Transliteration (Word)

parthenos

English translation (word)

maid, virgin

Transliteration (Etymon)

pur + theinō

English translation (etymon)

fire + to strike

Author

Etym. Gudianum

Century

11 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Gudianum, pi, p. 454

Ed.

F.W. Sturz, Etymologicum Graecae linguae Gudianum et alia grammaticorum scripta e codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum edita, Leipzig: Weigel, 1818 (repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1973): 229-584

Quotation

Παρθένος, παρὰ τὸ παραθέειν τὴν παιδικὴν ἡλικίαν· ἢ παρὰ τὸ θείνω τὸ φονεύω, θένος, καὶ μετὰ τῆς παρὰ προθέσεως παράθενος, καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ παρθένος, ἡ τὸ πῦρ τῆς πυρώσεως θανατοῦσα. ἢ παρὰ τὸν θήσω μέλλοντα, τὸν δηλοῦντα τὸ θηλάσω, γυναῖκα με θήσατο μαζῶ, ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα θήνη, καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ καὶ τροπῇ παρθένος· ἡ περὶ ταύτην τὴν ἡλικίαν γεννηθεῖσα, καθ’ ἣν ὥραν ἔχει ἐκτρίψαι τὸ καὶ κεκτῆσθαι μαζοὺς οὓς ἡ φύσις ἔταξε· τὰς γοῦν μικρὰς παῖδας οὐ προσαγορεύομαι παρθένους, ἀλλὰ τὰς ἤδη ἐπὶ τὸ γυναῖκας εἶναι, οὔσας· οἱ δὲ φασὶ, ἡ παρ’ οὐδενὸς οὐδὲν λαβοῦσα εἰς ἔδνον

Comment

The word is parsed as a compound πῦρ + θείνω (which is not given explicitly but replaced by the more common θανατόω: elliptic etymology, the formulation with the real etymon is found in Ps.-Zonaras, see Parallels). The maid is defined as the one who can put an end to the fire of desire. The etymology implies several manipulations, the change of [u] to [a], and the loss of [I] in θείνω. The verb θείνω is assumed as the second element in another etymology proposed for παρθένος.

Parallels

Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, pi, p. 1508 (Παρθένος. παρὰ τὸ θέειν τὴν παιδικὴν ἡλικίαν, ἢ παρὰ τὸ θέειν τῇ μητρὶ, ἢ παρὰ τὸν θήσω μέλλοντα. ‘γυναῖκά τε θήσατο μαζόν’. γίνεται ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα θήνη, καὶ μετὰ τῆς παρὰ προθέσεως παραθήνη καὶ παρθένος. ἡ περὶ ταύτην τὴν ἡλικίαν οὖσα, καθ’ ἣν ὥραν ἔχει ἐκθρέψαι καὶ ἐκτῆσθαι μαζούς· τὰς γὰρ μικρὰς παιδίσκας οὐ προσαγορεύομεν παρθένους, ἀλλὰ τὰς ἤδη ἐπὶ τὸ γυναῖκας μέλλειν ἰούσας. ὁ δὲ Ἡρακλείδης παρ’ οὐδενὸς οὐδὲν λαβοῦσα εἰς ἕδνα. ἢ παρὰ τὸ πῦρ θανατοῦν); ibid., epsilon, p. 727 (οἷον τὶ λέγω παρθένον, ἤγουν πῦρ θανὸν, κατὰ τὸ τὴν πύρωσιν θανατοῦν τῆς σαρκός)

Modern etymology

Unknown. The proposed reconstruction *pr-steno- "having protruding breasts" (Beekes, EDG) does not rest on anything serious

Persistence in Modern Greek

Παρθένος survives as 1. virgin, 2. Virgo (astrology/astronomy), 3. Virgin Mary, 4. anything intact, pure, unexplored. There also is παρθένα, designating 'virgin'.

Entry By

Le Feuvre