θύω2 + αἷμα
Word
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Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Quotation
θυμὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν καὶ ὁρμᾶν τὸ αἷμα
Translation (En)
Thumos "spirit, anger" is from the fact that blood (haima) rages (thuein) and moves quickly
Parallels
Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, theta 5 (θυμὸς δὲ ζέσις τοῦ περὶ καρδίαν αἵματος ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν, τουτέστι μανικῶς ὁρμᾶν); Etym. Gudianum, theta, p. 266 (Θυμὸς, παρὰ τὸ θύειν αἷμα, οἷον, θύεμος); ibid., p. 267 (Θυμὸς, παρὰ τὸ θύω τὸ ὁρμῶ, ἡ τοῦ αἵματος κίνησις καὶ ζέσις. ἢ παρὰ τὸ θύεμός τις ὢν, παρὰ τὸ θύω καὶ τὸ αἷμα. τὸ δὲ αἷμα παρὰ τὸ αἴθω τὸ καίω); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 1, 13 Van der Valk (παρῆκται δὲ ὁ μὲν θυμὸς παρὰ τὸ θύειν, ὃ δηλοῖ τὸ ὁρμᾶν, καὶ τὸ αἷμα, οἱονεὶ θύαιμός τις ὤν· κίνησις γὰρ αἵματος ἐν καρδίᾳ ἐστὶν ὁ θυμός); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 458 (Ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν καὶ ὁρμᾶν τὸ αἷμα ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ, θύαιμός τις ὤν); Tzetzes, Exegesis in Homeri Iliadem 1. 192 (παρὰ τὸ θύειν καὶ ὁρμᾶν τὸ αἷμα, θυεμὸς καὶ θυμός); Scholia in Lycophronem 8 (θυμῷ παρὰ τὸ θύειν τὸ αἷμα, θύαιμος καὶ θυμός)
Comment
This etymology was designed to account for the [mo] left unexplained in the standard etymology deriving θυμός from θύω. Therefore the word is parsed as a compound, the second element of which is αἷμα "blood". This implies a formal manipulation, a syncope of the diphthong. The etymology was probably intended for the meaning "anger" of θυμός rather than the general meaning "spirit, heart".