ζάω + λῶ
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Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Quotation
Οἶστρος· μανία, ζῆλος, φθόνος, ζηλοτυπία ὑπάρχει ἐν ἰχθύσι χάριν τῶν θηλειῶν· ζῆλος παρὰ τὸ λίαν ζέειν ζέλος καὶ ζῆλος· ὁ φλεγμαίνειν καὶ ἐκκαίεσθαι ποιῶν τὴν ψυχήν, ἢ ὁ λῶν ἤτοι θέλων τὸ ζῆν, ὡς Ἡσίοδος (Op. 23) ‘ζηλοῖ δέ τε γείτονα γείτων’
Translation (En)
Oistros “gadfly": madness, jealousy, envy, rivalry exist in fish because of the females. Zēlos "jealousy" comes from "to boil" (zein) much (lian), *zelos and zēlos, that which causes the soul to burn and inflame; or the one who wishes (lôn), that is, desires, to live (zên), as Hesiod ‘and the neighbor envies the neighbour’
Parallels
Etym. Genuinum, zeta 35 (Παρὰ τὸ ζέω καὶ τὸ λίαν γίνεται ζέλος καὶ ζῆλος· θερμὸς γάρ ἐστι λίαν ὁ ζῆλος. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ζέειν, ὁ φλεγμαίνειν καὶ ἐκκαίεσθαι τὴν ψυχὴν ποιῶν. Ἢ ὁ ζητῶν πρός τινα ἄλλον ζῆν· οἷον, ‘ζηλοῖ δέ τε γείτονα γείτων’ [ed. M.P. Funaioli, Museum Criticum XVIII, 1983, p. 303-312]); Etym. Gudianum, zeta, p. 231 (ζῆλος δ’ ἀνθρώποισιν ὀϊζυροῖσιν ἅπασι, παρὰ τὸ ζεῖν, ὁ φλεγμαίνειν καὶ ἐγκαίεσθαι τὴν ψυχὴν ποιῶν, ἢ ὁ ζητῶν πρός τι εἶναι καλὸν ζῆν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 411 (Ζῆλος: Ὁ φθόνος. Παρὰ τὸ ζέω καὶ τὸ λίαν γίνεται ζέλος καὶ ζῆλος· θερμὸς γάρ ἐστι λίαν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ζέειν, ὁ φλεγμαίνειν καὶ ἐκκαίεσθαι τὴν ψυχὴν ποιῶν· φλέγει γὰρ ἐν τῷ βάθει. Ἢ ὁ ἐκ τῆς ζέσεως τοῦ θυμοῦ γινόμενος. Ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ ζάλη, ζάλος καὶ ζῆλος· ὁ γὰρ ζῆλος ζάλην βάλλει εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον. Ἢ ὁ ζητῶν πρός τινα ἄλλον ζῆν· οἷον, ‘ζηλοῖ δέ τε γείτονα γείτων’); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, zeta, p. 956 (παρὰ τὸ ζέω καὶ τὸ λίαν γέγονε ζέλος καὶ ζῆλος· ὁ γὰρ ζῆλος θερμός ἐστιν. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ζέειν, ὁ φλεγμαίνειν καὶ ἐκκαίεσθαι τὴν ψυχὴν ἐμποιῶν. ἢ ὁ ζητῶν πρός τινα ἄλλον ζῆν. Ἡσίοδος ‘ζηλοῖ δέ τε γείτονα γείτων’)
Comment
In this etymology coming from a specific context (a line of Hesiod), apparently the word is parsed as a compound, "he who wishes to live <as someone else>", the meaningful part as far as jealousy is concerned being left implicit, as the gloss gives only two etymons, λῶ and ζῆν. The formulation, because it was not clear, was expanded in other sources (πρός τινα ἄλλον ζῆν "live like someone else"), but in the course of time it suffered an alteration: λῶν "wishing" was replaced by ζητῶν "seeking", which makes the etymology ununderstandable after the loss of the etymon supposedly accounting for -λος.