χολώδης
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Χολάδες. ἀπὸ τῆς χύσεως· ἢ διὰ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν δέχεσθαι τὸ χολῶδες ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥπατος. οὕτω Σωρανός
Translation (En)
Kholades "entrails". From the pouring. Or from the fact that by nature they receive the bilious matter (kholōdes) from the liver. This is what Soranus says.
Parallels
Aretaeus, De causis et signis diuturnorum morborum libri duo 2.9.1. (Περὶ δυσεντερίης. Ἐντέρων τὰ μὲν ἄνω λεπτὰ καὶ χολώδεα μέσφι τοῦ τυφλοῦ, χολάδες ἐπίκλην· ἀπὸ δὲ τουτέων τὰ κάτω παχέα καὶ σαρκώδεα μέσφι τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ εὐθέος ἐντέρου); D Scholion Il. 4.526 (Χολάδες. Τὰ ἔντερα. ἐπειδὴ εἰς αὐτὰ συῤῥεῖ ἡ ξανθὴ χολή); bT Scholion Il. 21.181 (χολάδες: τὰ ἔντερα, ἀπὸ τῆς κοιλότητος ἢ τοῦ κεχαλάσθαι, bT ὅθεν καὶ κῶλον. T οἱ δὲ τὰ ἔντερα, ἃ τὴν ξανθὴν ἔχει χολήν bT); Meletius, De natura hominis p. 108 (χολάδες δὲ, διὰ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν δέχεσθαι τὸ χολῶδες περίττωμα); Etym. Gudianum, chi, p. 568 (Χολάδες, τὰ ἔντερα, εἰς αὐτὰ γὰρ ἡ ξανθὴ χολὴ συῤῥεῖ); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 1, 800 Van der Valk (χολάδας τὰ ἔντερα λέγει, ἐπεὶ εἰς αὐτὰ συρρεῖ ξανθὴ χολὴ); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 813 (Χολάδες: Τὰ ἔντερα· κατὰ μετάθεσιν τοῦ κ εἰς χ· κοιλάδες γάρ εἰσι, παρὰ τὴν κοιλότητα. Ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ κόλος καὶ κοῖλος, ὁ ἔρημος καὶ κενὸς τόπος. Ἢ παρὰ τὴν χύσιν. Ὅμηρος, ‘ἐκ δ’ ἄρα πᾶσαι | χῦντο χαμαὶ χολάδες’· ἢ διὰ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν δέχεσθαι τὸ χολῶδες ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥπατος, ἐπειδὴ εἰς αὐτὰ συρρεῖ ἡ ξανθὴ χολὴ); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, chi, p. 1856 (Χολάδες. τὰ ἔντερα. παρὰ τὴν χύσιν, ἢ διὰ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν δέχεσθαι τὸ χολῶδες ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥπατος, ἐπειδὴ εἰς αὐτὰ συῤῥεῖ ἡ ξανθὴ χολὴ)
Comment
The etymology by Soranus is the second one quoted by Orion (the first one, by χέω, comes from the Homeric scholia and not from Soranus), and it is found also in Aretaeus (see Parallels). It assumes as etymon the compound χολώδης "bilious, gall-like" which has the same consonantal structure: that implies only one formal manipulation, the change of the [ō] into [a]. A simpler version of this etymology does not quote χολώδης but only χολἠ. Notice that this etymology does not fit Aristotle's definition of Aristotle (Hist. Anim. 493a: τὸ δὲ μονοφυὲς τὸ μὲν ὑπὸ τὸν ὀμφαλὸν ἦτρον (τούτου δὲ τὸ ἔσχατον ἐπίσιον), τὸ δ’ ὑπὲρ τὸν ὀμφαλὸν ὑποχόνδριον, τὸ δὲ κοινὸν ὑποχονδρίου καὶ λαγόνος χολάς, where χολάς is the name of the cavity of the flanks and does not refer to the entrails).