ἕτερος

Validation

Yes

Word-form

ἔντερον

Transliteration (Word)

enteron

English translation (word)

intestine, gut

Transliteration (Etymon)

heteros

English translation (etymon)

the other (of two)

Author

Suda

Century

10 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

epsilon 1461

Ed.

A. Adler, Suidae Lexicon, Leipzig: Teubner, 1928-1935

Quotation

Ἔντερον: ἕτερον, καὶ οὐχ ὅμοιον. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐντὸς ῥεῖν

Translation (En)

Enteron "intestine": heteron "other", and not similar. Or from the fact that it flows inside

Comment

This intriguing etymology derives the name of the intestine from the word meaning "one of two", with insertion of an [n] and loss of the initial aspiration (the etymology was designed in a state of language where initial aspiration was lost). It seems to refer to the fact that there are two different parts, the small intestine and the large intestine or colon, which are as a matter of fact not similar. One may wonder whether a Hippocratic passage discussed by Galen could be partly cause of that etymology. Galen (In Hippocratis librum vi epidemiarum Commentarii vi, Kühn p. 125) says that in this text the word ἔντερον was wrongly replaced by ἕτερον, leading to two different versions: "Ὧι τὸ ἔντερον ἐπὶ δεξιὰ ἀρθριτικῷ ἐγένετο, ἦν ἡσυχώτερος. ἐπεὶ δὲ τοῦτο ἰητρεύθη, ἐπιπονώτερος." Διττὴ κἀνταῦθά ἐστιν ἡ γραφὴ τὴν διάνοιαν ὑπαλλάττουσα, παλαιοτέρα μὲν ἡ μετὰ τοῦ νυ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην συλλαβὴν τοῦ ἔντερον ὀνόματος, ὕστερον δὲ προστεθεῖσα ἡ ἄνευ τοῦ νυ βουλομένων τῶν οὕτω γραψάντων ἐπὶ τῶν παρ’ οὖς συνισταμένων εἰρῆσθαι τὸ “ἕτερον”, ὥσπερ γε πάλιν τῶν τὸ ἔντερον ἤτοι γ’ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀλγησάντων τὸ ἔντερον ἢ κἀπὶ τῶν τεινομένων τὸ ἔντερον

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, epsilon, p. 394 (Ἔγκατα· ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐγκατέχειν τὴν τροφήν· λέγει δὲ τὸ ἧπαρ καὶ τὸν σπλῆνα καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν πλεύμονα. ἔντερον δὲ οὐκ ἔγκατον· τὸ δὲ ἔντερον οἷον ἕτερον καὶ οὐχ ὅμοιον); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 310 (Ἔντερον δὲ, οὐκ ἔγκατον. Τὸ δὲ ἔντερον, οἷον ἕτερον καὶ οὐχ ὅμοιον· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐντὸς κεῖσθαι τῶν μελῶν); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 27 (idem); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, epsilon, p. 738 (Ἔντερον. ἕτερον καὶ οὐχ ὅμοιον. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ῥεῖν ἐντός)

Modern etymology

Ἔντερον is connected within Greek with ἐντός and ἐν and goes back to an inherited *h1entero- "inside part", derivative of *h1en "in" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Modern Greek still has έντερο in vernacular and medical vocabulary to designate the digestive tube beginning from the stomach. There also is εντερο- as first compound, such as in εντεροπάθεια, εντερολογία etc.

Entry By

Le Feuvre