ἕτερος
Word
Validation
Yes
Word-form
ἔντερον
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
enteron
English translation (word)
intestine, gut
Transliteration (Etymon)
heteros
English translation (etymon)
the other (of two)
Century
10 AD
Source
Idem
Ref.
epsilon 1461
Ed.
A. Adler, Suidae Lexicon, Leipzig: Teubner, 1928-1935
Quotation
Ἔντερον: ἕτερον, καὶ οὐχ ὅμοιον. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐντὸς ῥεῖν
Translation (En)
Enteron "intestine": heteron "other", and not similar. Or from the fact that it flows inside
Parallels
Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, epsilon, p. 394 (Ἔγκατα· ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐγκατέχειν τὴν τροφήν· λέγει δὲ τὸ ἧπαρ καὶ τὸν σπλῆνα καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν πλεύμονα. ἔντερον δὲ οὐκ ἔγκατον· τὸ δὲ ἔντερον οἷον ἕτερον καὶ οὐχ ὅμοιον); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 310 (Ἔντερον δὲ, οὐκ ἔγκατον. Τὸ δὲ ἔντερον, οἷον ἕτερον καὶ οὐχ ὅμοιον· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐντὸς κεῖσθαι τῶν μελῶν); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 27 (idem); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, epsilon, p. 738 (Ἔντερον. ἕτερον καὶ οὐχ ὅμοιον. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ῥεῖν ἐντός)
Modern etymology
Ἔντερον is connected within Greek with ἐντός and ἐν and goes back to an inherited *h1entero- "inside part", derivative of *h1en "in" (Beekes, EDG)
Persistence in Modern Greek
Modern Greek still has έντερο in vernacular and medical vocabulary to designate the digestive tube beginning from the stomach. There also is εντερο- as first compound, such as in εντεροπάθεια, εντερολογία etc.
Entry By
Le Feuvre
Comment
This intriguing etymology derives the name of the intestine from the word meaning "one of two", with insertion of an [n] and loss of the initial aspiration (the etymology was designed in a state of language where initial aspiration was lost). It seems to refer to the fact that there are two different parts, the small intestine and the large intestine or colon, which are as a matter of fact not similar. One may wonder whether a Hippocratic passage discussed by Galen could be partly cause of that etymology. Galen (In Hippocratis librum vi epidemiarum Commentarii vi, Kühn p. 125) says that in this text the word ἔντερον was wrongly replaced by ἕτερον, leading to two different versions: "Ὧι τὸ ἔντερον ἐπὶ δεξιὰ ἀρθριτικῷ ἐγένετο, ἦν ἡσυχώτερος. ἐπεὶ δὲ τοῦτο ἰητρεύθη, ἐπιπονώτερος." Διττὴ κἀνταῦθά ἐστιν ἡ γραφὴ τὴν διάνοιαν ὑπαλλάττουσα, παλαιοτέρα μὲν ἡ μετὰ τοῦ νυ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην συλλαβὴν τοῦ ἔντερον ὀνόματος, ὕστερον δὲ προστεθεῖσα ἡ ἄνευ τοῦ νυ βουλομένων τῶν οὕτω γραψάντων ἐπὶ τῶν παρ’ οὖς συνισταμένων εἰρῆσθαι τὸ “ἕτερον”, ὥσπερ γε πάλιν τῶν τὸ ἔντερον ἤτοι γ’ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀλγησάντων τὸ ἔντερον ἢ κἀπὶ τῶν τεινομένων τὸ ἔντερον