ἀ- + χέω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
ἄχος· ἡ λύπη. παρὰ τὸ μὴ διαχεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ συνέχεσθαι τὴν ψυχήν· ὅθεν καὶ τὸ χαίρειν εἴρηται παρὰ τὸ διαχεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς
Translation (En)
Akhos "(moral) pain". From the fact that the soul is to relaxed (mē diakheîsthai) but oppressed. This is where khairein "to rejoice" comes from, from the fact that one is relaxed because of pleasure
Parallels
Philoxenus, fr. 248 (ap. Orion, Etymologicum, kappa, p. 80) (ἔνθεν τὸ ἄχεσθαι, παρὰ τὸ μὴ διαχεῖσθαι); Orion, Etymologicum, alpha, p. 4 (Ἄχος, παρὰ τὸ μὴ διαχεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ συνέχεσθαι τὴν ψυχὴν ἐν τῇ λύπῃ· ὅθεν τὸ χαίρειν εἴρηται, παρὰ τὸ διαχεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς. ἢ ὃ μὴ ἐθέλει τὶς ἔχειν. ἔχει αὐτὸς ἄχος); idem, Etymologicum (excerpta e cod. regio 2610) p. 175 (Ἄχος· ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ διαχεῖσθαι· ὅθεν καὶ τὸ χαίρειν παρὰ τὸ διαχεῖσθαι); idem, Etymologicum (excerpta e cod. Vat. gr. 1456) 20 (idem); idem, Etymologicum (excerpta e cod. Darmstadino 2773), alpha, p. 611 (ἄχος, παρὰ τὸ μὴ διαχεῖσθαι ἀλλὰ συνέχεσθαι τὴν ψυχήν· ὅθεν τὸ χαίρειν εὕρηται παρὰ τὸ διαχεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς καὶ χαρᾶς); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, alpha 42 (ἄχος (Β 171): ὄνομα παρὰ τὸ χέω μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ α, ἡ <λύπη ἡ> μὴ διαχέουσα τῇ ψυχῇ ἀλλὰ συνέχουσα, ὥσπερ τοὐναντίον ἐπὶ τοῦ χαίρω παρὰ τὸ διαχεῖσθαι); ibid., alpha 71 (ἀχνύμενοι (Β 270): ἐκ τοῦ ἄχω· τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦ χῶ, τοῦ δηλοῦν<τος> τὸ διαχεῖσθαι τὴν ψυχὴν ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς καὶ χαρᾶς, ἐξ οὗ γίνεται χαίρω. λοιπὸν ἐκ τοῦ χῶ γίνεται ἄχω, τὸ μὴ διαχεῖσθαι ἀλλὰ συνέχεσθαι ὑπὸ λύπης τὴν ψυχήν); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 251 (idem); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 252 (Ἄχος· παρὰ τὸ χῶ, τὸ χέω, μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ α ἄχος, τὸ μὴ διαχεόμενον. ‖ ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ διαχεῖσθαι, ὅθεν καὶ <τὸ> χαίρειν παρὰ τὸ διαχεῖσθαι); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 182 (Ἄχος: Ἡ λύπη. Ἐκ τοῦ χῶ τοῦ δηλοῦντος τὸ διαχεῖσθαι, (ἐξ οὗ καὶ τὸ χαίρω) γίνεται ἄχω, παρὰ τὸ μὴ διαχεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ συνέχεσθαι τὴν ψυχὴν ὑπὸ λύπης· ὅθεν καὶ τὸ χαίρειν εἴρηται παρὰ τὸ διαχεῖσθαι τὴν ψυχὴν ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔχω, κατὰ ἀντίφρασιν, ὃ οὐ θέλει τὶς ἔχειν. Ἢ χῶ τὸ χωρῶ, χός· μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ, ἄχος, τὸ μὴ χωρούμενον διὰ τὴν λύπην. Ἢ χῶ, τὸ χέω, μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ, ἄχος, τὸ μὴ χεόμενον. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔχω); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 363 (Ἄχος. λύπη, σιωπὴν ἐπιφέρουσα. παρὰ τὸ μὴ διαχεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔχω, κατὰ ἀντίφρασιν, ὃ οὐ θέλει τὶς ἔχειν. ἢ παρὰ τὸ χῶ, τὸ χωρῶ, γίνεται χὼς καὶ μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ α ἄχος. ἢ παρὰ τὸ χέω μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ α ἡ μὴ διαχέουσα τὴν ψυχὴν, ἀλλὰ συνέχουσα)
Comment
Etymology ex antonymo: since χαίρω is derived from χέω taken with the metaphoric meaning of the preverbed διαχέομαι "to be relaxed", the antonym of "to rejoice", ἄχομαι "to grieve", and the corresponding noun ἄχος "pain", are understood as the privative of χέω.