ἴσος + φύω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

ὀσφύς

Transliteration (Word)

osphus

English translation (word)

loin

Transliteration (Etymon)

isos + phuō

English translation (etymon)

equal + to bring forth, to produce

Author

Aristotle

Century

4 BC

Source

Idem

Ref.

Historia animalium493a

Ed.

P. Louis, Aristote. Histoire des animaux, vols. 1-3, Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1964-1969

Quotation

Τῶν δ’ ὄπισθεν διάζωμα μὲν ἡ ὀσφύς (ὅθεν καὶ τοὔνομ’ ἔχει· δοκεῖ γὰρ εἶναι ἰσοφυές), τοῦ δὲ διεξοδικοῦ τὸ μὲν οἷον ἐφέδρανον γλουτός, τὸ δ’ ἐν ᾧ στρέφεται ὁ μηρός, κοτυληδών

Translation (En)

As a brace for the rear parts is the "pelvis" (osphus)—indeed this circumstance provides its name osphus: as we can see, it is "symmetrical" (isophues). The part of the fundament which forms as it were a seat is the rump, and the part on which the thigh pivots is the hip-socket (transl. A.L. Peck, LCL)

Comment

The word is parsed as a compound of φύω, which provides the second syllable. Accounting for the first syllable was more difficult and Aristotle must imply two formal change, from ἴσο- to ὀσ-: first loss of the composition vowel [o], and then change of the initial vowel [i] into [o]. The semantic justification is that this body part is symmetrical, lit. "grown equally", but of course this is not specific to the loin and could be applied to other body parts as well

Parallels

Orion, Etymologicum, omicron, p. 116 (Ὀσφύς. ὡς Ἀριστοτέλης, ἡ ἴση πρὸς τὸ ἄνω καὶ κάτω πεφυκυῖα, οἷον ἴσοφυς. ὡς δὲ Ἀπολλόδωρος, ὀστοφυὴς, ὅτι ὀστώδης); Meletius, De natura hominis, p. 110 (ἡ δὲ ὀσφὺς, οἷον ἰσοφὺς, ἡ ἴση πρὸς τὰ ἄνω καὶ τὰ κάτω πεφυκότα τοῖς ὀστοῖς); Leo Medicus, De natura hominum synopsis 72 (ἡ γὰρ ὀσφὺς οἷον ἰσοφὺς ἡ ἴση πρὸς τὰ ἄνω καὶ τὰ κάτω πεφυκυῖα τοῖς ὀστοῖς); Etym. Gudianum, omicron, p. 438 (Ὀσφὺς λέγεται τὸ τρίτον μέρος τῆς ῥάχεως· ἡ γὰρ ῥάχις τρεῖς ἐπωνυμίας ἔχει· ἡ πρώτη καλεῖται αὐχὴν, ἡ δὲ δεύτερα ἰξὶν, ἡ δὲ τρίτη ὀσφύς· οἱονεὶ ὀστοφυὴς, ὀστωδὴς γὰρ τόπος ἐστί· γίνεται παρὰ τὸ ἶσος καὶ τὸ φύω, ἰσοφύς τις οὖσα· ἢ ὀστοφυὴς ὅτι ὀστώδης, κατὰ συναίρεσιν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 636 (Ὀσφύς: Ῥάχις, καὶ ψύα· ὡς μὲν Ἀριστοτέλης, ἡ ἴση πρὸς τὰ ἄνω ἐμπεφυυῖα, ἰσόσφύς τις οὖσα· ὡς δὲ Ἀπολλόδωρος, οἱονεὶ ὀστοφυής τις οὖσα· ὀστώδης γάρ); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, omicron, p. 1474 (idem)

Modern etymology

Unknown (Beekes, EDG, thinks it is Pre-Greek)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Οσφύς is used to designate the 'waist' as an anatomical term. In everyday language "μέση" is used for 'waist', but only "οσφυαλγία" to denote the pain in the wait. Οσφυϊκός is also used in medical contexts.

Entry By

Le Feuvre