ἀνάσσω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

ἄνασσα

Transliteration (Word)

anassa

English translation (word)

lady, queen

Transliteration (Etymon)

anassō

English translation (etymon)

to be lord, master

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, alpha, p. 26

Ed.

F.W. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, 1820

Quotation

Ἄνασσα, οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄναξ, ἀλλ’ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνάσσω, ὡς ἑλίσσω ἕλισσα, νύσσω νύσσα. τὰ γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς ξ εἰς α παράγωγα ἐθνικὰ. ὡς Φοῖνιξ Φοίνισσα, Κίλιξ Κίλισσα

Translation (En)

Anassa "lady": not from anax "lord", but from anassō "to be lord of", as helissō "to whirl" / helissa, nussō "to hurt violently" / nussa "turning point in a race". Because nouns in -a that derived from nouns in -x are ethnonyms, as in Phoenix / Phoinissa "Phoenician man / woman", Kilix / Kilissa "Cilician man / woman"

Comment

Ἄνασσα is of course not separated from ἄναξ, but is assumed to derive not from the masculine noun, but from the denominative verb ἀνάσσω, with which it shares the geminate [ss]. The alleged reason is that if it were derived from ἄναξ as Φοίνισσα is from Φοῖνιξ, it should be an ethnonym: that is, the obviously correct morphological derivation ἄναξ / ἄνασσα is rejected for semantic reasons (the word is not an ethnonym). This is not unusual, as Greek etymologists very often mix two different criteria in their explanations, here morphology and semantics. Parallels are given to back this derivation pattern: the word ἕλισσα is abstracted from the Homeric compound ἀμφιέλισσα, and νύσσα is probably not related with νύσσω.

Parallels

Etym. Genuinum, alpha 787 (Ἄνασσα· οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄναξ γέγονε· τὰ γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς ξ εἰς α παραγόμενα ἐθνικά εἰσι, Φοῖνιξ Φοίνισσα, Κίλιξ Κίλισσα. τοῦτο δὲ μὴ ὂν ἐθνικὸν ὁμοίως οὐ λέγεται. ἔστιν οὖν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνάσσω, ὡς ἐλίσσω ἔλισσα καὶ ἀμφιέλισσα, καὶ νύσσω νύσσα. Ὠρίων); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 100 (idem); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, alpha, p. 134 (Ἄνασσα· ἡ βασίλισσα· ἀνάσσω ἄνασσα, ὡς νεύσω ἢ νύσσω νύσσα, μελί<σ>σω καὶ μειλί<σ>σω μέλισσα· οὐ γὰρ παρὰ τὸ ἄναξ. τὰ γὰρ ἀπὸ ἐθνικοῦ οὕτως παράγονται, Κίλιξ Κίλισσα, Φοῖνιξ Φοίνισσα, τὸ ἐθνικόν· ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ χρώματος οὐκέτι)

Modern etymology

Ἄνασσα is the feminine of ἄναξ "lord", derived independently from the denominative ἀνάσσω

Persistence in Modern Greek

Modern Greek still has άνασσα "queen" as a learned word

Entry By

Le Feuvre