φέρω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
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Ed.
Quotation
<παρὰ> τὸ φέρω φὲρ καὶ φὸρ καὶ ἐπεκτάσει τοῦ ο εἰς ω φώρ, ὁ λῃστής, ὁ τὰ ἀλλότρια φέρων.
Translation (En)
From pherō, "to take" pher and phor and by lenghtening of the vowel o in ō, phōr, "thief", a robber, the one who steals other people's property.
Parallels
Digest. 47.2.1pr = Paul. 39 ad ed. (Furtum a furuo, id est nigro dictum Labeo ait, quod clam et obscuro fiat et plerumque nocte: uel a fraude, ut Sabinus ait: uel a ferendo et auferendo: uel a Graeco sermone, qui φῶρας appellant fures: immo et Graeci ἀπὸ τοῦ φέρειν φῶρας dixerunt); Theophilus, Paraphrasis institutionum, 4, 1, 2 (Λέγεται δὲ αὕτη ἡ κλοπὴ […] uel a ferendo, id est auferendo, τουτέστι τοῦ σφετερίζεσθαι καὶ ἀποστερεῖν· ἢ καὶ ἀπὸ Ἑλληνικῆς φωνῆς ἐκ τοῦ φώρ· φῶρας γὰρ Ἕλληνες τοὺς κλέπτας ὀνομάζουσιν, ἀπὸ τοῦ φέρειν. φέρειν δὲ λέγομεν τὸ λαμβάνειν τὰ ἀλλότρια); Scholia in Basilicorum, 60, 12, 1, 1 (ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ φέρειν τὸ πρᾶγμα ἤτοι ἀφαιρεῖσθαι αὐτὸ ἀπὸ Ἑλληνικῆς ὀνομασίας, ἐπειδὴ φῶρας καλοῦσι τοὺς κλέπτας οἱ Ἕλληνες. Καὶ αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ φέρειν τὰ πράγματα τοὺς κλέπτας ἐκάλεσαν αὐτοὺς φῶρας)
Orion, Etymologicum, phi, p. 161 (Φώρ. ὁ λῃστής. παρὰ τὸ φέρω φὲρ ἐστὶ καὶ φὼρ, μεταθέσει τοῦ ε εἰς ω, ὁ τὰ ἀλλότρια φέρων); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 439, 21 (Ὥσπερ παρὰ τὸ φέρω γίνεται φὸρ, καὶ κατ’ ἔκτασιν φὼρ, ὁ λῃστὴς καὶ κλέπτης, ὁ τὰ ἀλλότρια φέρων); ibid., p. 804, 8 (Φώρ: Ὁ λῃστὴς, ὁ κλέπτης· παρὰ τὸ φέρω, φὲρ καὶ φὼρ, μεταθέσει τοῦ ε εἰς ω, ὁ τὰ ἀλλότρια φέρων); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, phi, p. 1834 (Φώρ. ὁ κλέπτης. καὶ κλίνεται φωρός. παρὰ τὸ φὲρ καὶ φὼρ μεταθέσει τοῦ ε εἰς ω. ὁ τὰ ἀλλότρια φέρων)
Comment
In this text from On the Ionian Dialect (Περὶ τῆς Ἰάδος διαλέκτου), the grammarian Philoxenus explains the substantive ἦτορ, "heart" by giving a comparison with φώρ, "thief", where the vowel is long, whereas it remains brief in ἦτορ. The connection between φώρ and φέρω is correct, whereas Philoxenus remains at a semantic level.
The etymological tradition of the word goes in two main directions: the former is grammatical and relates to the length of the vowel in monosyllables; the latter is seen in legal texts, maybe inherited from the Latin jurists, and usually makes the parallel between φώρ and fur, "thief".