ἀ- + γωνία

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Yes

Last modification

Sun, 08/29/2021 - 10:40

Word-form

ἀγών

Transliteration (Word)

agōn

English translation (word)

struggle, assembly, place of contest

Transliteration (Etymon)

a- + gōnia

English translation (etymon)

not + corner

Author

Johannes Lydus

Century

6 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

De mensibus, 4.30

Ed.

R. Wünsch, Ioannis Lydi liber de mensibus, Leipzig: Teubner, 1898

Quotation

ὅτι ἀγὼν καὶ ἀγωνία ὁ τόπος λέγεται διὰ τὸ κυκλοτερές, παρὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν γωνίαν, ἧς εἰς τύπον καὶ στέφανοι κυκλοτερεῖς τοῖς νικῶσιν ἐπετίθεντο

Translation (En)

Since the place is called agon and agonia on account of its being round —because it has "no corner" (gonia)— in accordance with this shape, circular garlands used to be placed on the winners (transl. Mischa Hooker)

Comment

This etymology (that considers the first letter as a privative alpha) suggests that the original meaning of agōn is a spatial one. Etym. Magnum (15, 45)  lists five meanings for the word, the first one being precisely ὁ τόπος (then τὸ πλῆθος τῶν θεατῶν, τὸ ἄθροισμα, τὸ ἆθλον, ὁ ναός). The word ἀγωνία is correctly given as a synonym of ἀγών, and provides through its identical ending an easy link to γωνία. In Eustathius (Comm. Il. 4.857 Van der Valk) we find a marginal etymology connecting agōn with the name of the chariot-driver of Pelops named Agōn (ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ ἀγὼν ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄγω, ἢ ἀπὸ Ἀγώνου, ἡνιόχου, φασί, Πέλοπος; it probably comes from a scholion, see Scholia in Iliadem, Scholia vetera bT Erbse (οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πέλοπος ἡνιόχου Ἀγῶνος)

Parallels

Eustathius, Comm. Il. 4, 857 Van der Valk (ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ ἀγὼν ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄγω, ἢ ἀπὸ Ἀγώνου, ἡνιόχου, φασί, Πέλοπος, ἢ παρὰ τὴν <α> στέρησιν καὶ τὴν γωνίαν ἀγών, οἱονεὶ τόπος κυκλοτερής, γωνίαν οὐκ ἔχων καὶ διὰ τοῦτο εὐρύς); bT Scholion Il. 24.1 (Erbse 24.1b) (ἀγὼν δὲ ὁ κυκλοτερὴς καὶ γωνίαν οὐκ ἔχων τόπος); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 15, 54 (Ἐγὼ δὲ εὗρον τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐτυμολογούμενον οὕτως. Ἀγὼν λέγεται ὁ κυκλοτερὴς καὶ γωνίαν οὐκ ἔχων τόπος); Scholia in Anthologiam Graecam, 1 Lolos (Ἀγών, παρὰ τὸ ἄγω· ὁ φέρων πολλὴν ὄχλησιν, ἢ ὁ κυκλοτερὴς καὶ γωνίαν μὴ ἔχων τόπος)

Modern etymology

Modern linguists derive the word from ἄγω (Beekes, EDG, s.v. ἄγω)

Persistence in Modern Greek

The word is still present in Modern Greek under the form αγώνας with the meanings of 1. Intensive effort, 2. effort against something specific, 3. (athletic) games/contests "Ολυμπιακοί αγώνες", 5. the Greek Independence Revolution ("Αγώνας του 1821").

Entry By

Arnaud Zucker