κελαινός + νείφω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

κελαινεφέϊ

Transliteration (Word)

kelainephēs

English translation (word)

of the black cloud

Transliteration (Etymon)

kelainos + neiphō

English translation (etymon)

black + to snow

Author

A Scholion Il. 1.397

Century

before 4 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

A Scholion Il. 1.397

Ed.

H. Erbse, Scholia græca in Homeri Iliadem (scholia vetera), Berlin, 1971-1982

Quotation

κελαινεφέϊ: παρὰ τὸ μελαίνοντα τὸν ἀέρα νείφειν αὐτόν

Translation (En)

Kelainepheï ("of the black cloud"): from the fact that he lets rain (neiphein) fall, darkening (melainonta) the air

Comment

This etymology parses the word as a compound, the second element of which is the verb neiphein, owing to the fact that kelainephēs is an epithet of Zeus and Zeus is the sky god who is the cause of rain and snow. The verb neiphein "to snow" is taken here as a mere equivalent for "to rain" because it was convenient for phonetic reasons, and since νείφω was assumed to be the etymon of νέφος (see νέφος / νείφω), this etymology is in line with the etymology of νέφος. It is an elliptic etymology, as the first element, kelainos, obsolete in Greek, is not given explicitly, but translated into a modernized equivalent (melainonta). As the etymology κελαινεφής / κελαινός + νέφος, it implies a syncope. This explanation is found in both the A scholia and the bT scholia and must date back to the 4th c. AD at least

Parallels

Geneva Scholion Il. 1.397 (idem); Eustathius, Comm. Il., 1, 188 (Ζεὺς δὲ κελαινεφὴς παρὰ τὸ κελαινὸς φαίνεσθαι· τοιοῦτος γὰρ ὁ ἀήρ. ἐντεῦθεν δὲ καὶ αἷμά που ἐρεῖ κελαινεφές. ἢ παρὰ τὸ κελαίνεσθαι καὶ νείφειν, οἱονεὶ κελαινονεφής· ἢ παρὰ τὸ κελαίνεσθαι νέφεσι· νεφεληγερέτης γάρ. εἰ δὲ εἰς νοῦν ἀλληγορεῖται, τότε κάλλιόν ἐστιν εἰπεῖν αὐτὸν κελαινὸν μὲν διὰ τὸ βαθύ, φαεινὸν δὲ διὰ τὸ φύσει φωσφόρον)

Modern etymology

The word is a possessive compound of κελαινός "black" and νέφος "cloud"

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre