δράω 2
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
τὸ δὲ ἄνθρωπος ὄνομα, παρὰ τὸ ἔναρθρον ἔχειν φωνήν· τῶν ἄλλων ζώων ἁπάντων ἀνάρθρως καὶ ἀσημάντως φωνούντων· τινὲς δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἀθρεῖν καὶ λογίζεσθαι ἅπερ ὄπωπε· τουτέστι παρὰ τὸ βλέπειν κατὰ νοῦν καὶ λογίζεσθαι τὰ δέοντα· τῶν ἄλλων ζώων μὴ προνοουμένων ἢ μὴ λογιζομένων· ἄλλοι δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἀνώθειν τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν, ἤγουν ἄνω αἴρειν· ἢ παρὰ τὸ δρῶ τὸ βλέπω, ἢ πράττω, *ἄδρωπος καὶ ἄνθρωπος· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄνω ῥέπειν, ἀνάροπός τις ὤν· “τὰ μὲν γὰρ τετράποδα,” φησὶν ὁ μέγας Βασίλειος, “ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν βλέπει, καὶ “πρὸς τὴν γαστέρα νένευκεν· ἀνθρώπῳ δὲ ἄνω πρὸς οὐρανὸν ἡ “βλέψις, ὥστε μὴ σχολάζειν γαστρὶ, μηδὲ τοῖς ὑπὸ γαστέρα “πάθεσι”
Translation (En)
The word anthrōpos ("man") comes from the fact that he has an articulate (enarthron) voice, whereas all other animals utter non articulate and meaningless sounds. But some say it comes from the fact that he contemplates (athreîn) and counts what he sees, that is, from the fact that he sees intellectually and counts what is necessary, whereas the other animals do not anticipate or count. And others say it comes from the fact that he pushes his eye upwards (anōthein), that is, he raises it. Or it comes from drō, "to see", or "to achieve", *adrōpos, <as it were>, and anthrōpos. Or from the fact that he is inclined upwards, an *anaropos, as it were: "the quadrupeds, says Basil the great, look on the ground and bend down toward their stomach, but man has his sight directed to heaven, so that he does not indulge in his belly or in the passions <seated> in the lower part of the belly"
Parallels
Leo Medicus, De natura hominum synopsis 1 (πόθεν ἄνθρωπος; παρὰ τὸ ἔναρθρον ἔχειν φωνὴν [Ἠ] τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων ἀνάρθρως καὶ ἀσημάντως φωνούντων. καὶ ἄλλως· παρὰ τὸ ἀθρεῖν καὶ λογίζεσθαι, ἅπερ ὄπωπε, τουτέστιν ἅπερ βλέπει· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄνω βλέπειν· ἢ παρὰ τὸ δρῶ, τὸ βλέπω, ἄδρωπος καὶ ἄνθρωπος· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄνω ῥέπειν, ἀνάρροπος); Etym Magnum, Kallierges p. 109 (Ἄνθρωπος: Παρὰ τὸ ἄνω θρεῖν, ἤγουν ἄνω βλέπειν· μόνος γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἄνω βλέπει. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἀναθρεῖν ἃ ὄπωπεν, ἤγουν ἀναλογίζεσθαι ἃ εἶδε καὶ ἤκουσε, τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων μὴ λογιζομένων καὶ προνοουμένων. Οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἰχθῦς εἰς κύρτον εἰσῆλθεν ὁρῶν ἄλλον κρατούμενον, οὐδὲ ὄρνις εἰς λίνα. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ δρῶ, τὸ βλέπω, ἄνδρωπος, καὶ ἄνθρωπος. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄνω ῥέπειν, ἀνώροπός τις ὤν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔναρθρον ἔχειν τὴν ὄπα, τουτέστι τὴν φωνήν. Τὰ παρὰ τὸ ὄπα συγκείμενα, ἅπαντα διὰ τοῦ ω μεγάλου γράφονται· οἷον, μετώπιον, ἐνώπιον. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἀνθηρὰν ὄπα ἔχειν)
Comment
Meletius is offering a twofold etymology with a single word, but δράω 2 ("to see") occurs rarely and appears only in the scholarly tradition, first in Philoxenus (ῥῆμά ἐστι δέρκω, ὃ κατὰ συγκοπὴν γίνεται δρῶ τὸ σημαῖνον τὸ ὁρῶ, fr. 25 Theodoridis), and then in Apollonius Dyscolus (De Adverbiis, 2.1,1 p. 139, 8 Schneider : τὸ δρῶ σημαίνει καὶ τὸ ὁρῶ, ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ τὸ δρωπάζειν, καὶ τὸ δραπέτης ὁ ἐπιβλέπων τοὺς δεσπότας). The parallel texts, while reproducing the passage of Meletius (as Leo, 9 AD) including the artificial ἄδρωπος vel ἄνδρωπος), keep only the usual etymological interpretation (to see, as in the Platonic model, δράω 2) and drop the most common lemma (δράω 1 = to achieve)