Ζεύς + ὕω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

δεύειν

Transliteration (Word)

deuō

English translation (word)

to wet, drench

Transliteration (Etymon)

Zeus

English translation (etymon)

Zeus

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, delta, p. 47

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig: Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Δεύειν. κυρίως τὸ ὑπὸ Διὸς βρέχεσθαι· ἔνθεν ὁ διερὸς ὑγρός

Translation (En)

Deuein ("to be drenched"): it means properly "to be wet from rain" (brekhesthai) by Zeus (hypo Dios). And from there comes dieros meaning "wet"

Comment

The verb is explained after the theonym Zeus, god of the sky and of the storm, who was responsible for rain in Greek mind (see Ζεὺς ὕει "Zeus is raining" = it rains). The theonym has a dialectal variant Δεύς, which matches exactly the verb δεύω. The etymological explanation was reversible, since this connection between Zeus and δεύω is in fact attested earlier in order to explain the theonym, which would be derived from δεύω (see Ζεύς / δεύω). Orion's etymology reverses the usual direction verb → theonym. Orion's formulation is less clear than the formulation in later sources (Etym. Magnum and Etym. Symeonis in the Parallels), in which the word is explicitly parsed as a compound of Zeus and ὕει "it rains", accounting for the intermediate step, the ghost word *διεύω: in that case Orion's formulation ὑπὸ Διὸς βρέχεσθαι, can be understood as an elliptic etymology replacing *ὕεσθαι (the passive of which is not attested) by the usual βρέχεσθαι – the full formulation would be ὑπὸ Διὸς βρέχεσθαι, ὅ ἐστιν ὕεσθαι, as in the Etym. Magnum. This implies starting from the passive δεύομαι "to be wet", not from the active δεύω – again, this is not explicit in Orion's formulation which has the active verb form as the default form for the lemma but refers to the passive meaning in the explanation

Parallels

Epimerismi homerici ordine alpaabetico traditi, delta 70 (παρὰ τὴν Διός γενικὴν διεύω καὶ ἐλλείψει τοῦ ι δεύω καὶ δεύεται. κυρίως δέ ἐστι τὸ ἀπὸ Διὸς βρέχεσθαι); ibid., delta 71 (παρὰ τὸ Διός, <ὅθεν> καὶ τὸ διαίνω, τὸ βρέχω, ὡς μάργος μαργαίνω. γίνεται δὲ ἔλλειψις τοῦ ι); Etym. Gudianum, delta p. 349 (Δεύω· εἰς τὸ Δέω. σημαίνει δὲ τὸ βρέχω· ἀπὸ τοῦ Ζεύς Διός δεύω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ διαίνω); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, delta p. 348 (Δεύειν· τὸ βρέχειν. κυρίως δὲ τὸ ὑπὸ Διὸς βρέχεσθαι, ἔνθεν διερὸς ὁ ὑγρός); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 4, 673 (Ὁμόστοιχον δὲ ὥσπερ τὸ Διός καὶ διαίω, τὸ ὑγραίνω, οὕτω καὶ Ζεύς καὶ δεύω); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 258 (Εἴρηται παρὰ τὸν Δία, (ὑέτιος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ θεός·) κυρίως γὰρ τὸ ὑπὸ Διὸς ὕεσθαι, (ὅ ἐστι βρέχεσθαι,) διεύω, καὶ δεύω. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ δέω, τὸ χρῄζω, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ υ, τὸ δεόμενον βρέχεσθαι); Etym. Symeonis, delta 152 (Κυρίως γὰρ τὸ ὑπὸ Διὸς ὕεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι βρέχεσθαι, διεύω καὶ δεύω· ἢ παρὰ τὸ δέω τὸ χρήζω); Scholia et glossae in Sophoclis Ajacem 376f (καταδεύῃ. εἴρηται δὲ παρὰ τὸν Δία· ὑέτιος γὰρ ὁ θεός. κυρίως γὰρ τὸ ὑπὸ Διὸς ὕεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι βρέχεσθαι. διεύω καὶ δεύω)

Modern etymology

Unknown

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre